peripheral workers disadvantages

must. ), The Age of Dualization: The Changing Face of Inequality in Deindustrializing Societies. 2020, ivypanda.com/essays/using-a-peripheral-workforce-for-and-against/. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. More core and less periphery workers The UK labour market has largely adopted the flexibility model of core and peripheral workers. Demanding Work: The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy. A Head with Two Tales: Trade Unions Influence on Temporary Agency Work in Belgian and German Workplaces. Though they are not direct employees of the organisation, they are important to its functioning. The individuals we studied do not seem to follow this standard work history, since the first two steps are not successfully completed. IZA Discussion Paper, No. Two Tier Reforms of Employment Protection: Honeymoon Effect? This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. In P. Emmenegger, S. Husermann, B. Palier, & M. Seeleib-Kaiser (Eds. WebAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Peripherals. The Flexible-Firm model divides an organisation's employees into two distinct groups - the Three Takeaways. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Economic Dualization in Japan and South Korea. Organizational Dynamics, 23(2), 4963. - Chalmers Brown, Due, We've had some very key members of the team wish to move to other locations in the world or country. International Journal of Employment Studies, 22(2), 624. It starts from the top, with executives ensuring all employees are included in all activities such as all-hands meetings, events (HQ and local) and parties. (2009). The American Economic Review, 63(2), 359365. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Flexicurity in Action: Flexibility and Worker Security in Advanced Political Economies. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2, 1736. Structured Labour Markets, Workers Organisation and Low Pay. Shifting the Public-Private Mix: A New Dualization of Welfare? IvyPanda. Flexible Employment Contracts, the Psychological Contract and Employee Outcomes: An Analysis and Review of the Evidence. Open Document. Benassi, C., & Dorigatti, L. (2015). - Lisbi Abraham, Andela, Security is often overlooked when a business decides to allow employees to work remotely, leaving companies vulnerable to cybercriminals. And this group is quite close to the organization and committed to it. The two kinds of work flexibility that is core and periphery, spell out the implementation of the diverse labor market viewpoints. Selective Flexicurity in Segmented Labour Markets: The Case of Italian Mid-Siders. Concerning functional flexibility, staffs are capable of handling diverse tasks to contest with the changes in technology, techniques of production, and workloads. The company costs would be reduced therefore workers are contracted only when there is a necessity. Southern European Welfare States: Identity, Problems and Prospects for Reform. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Using a Peripheral Workforce: For and Against, The 'Periphery' and The 'Core' of the World, Peripheral Vascular Disease in African American Women, International Political Economy in Statecraft Simulation, Informal Social Networks in Organizations, Peripheral Heart Action Training Overview, Main Body: The case for and against using peripheral workforce, "The People Who Make Organisations Go or Stop" by Cross and Prusak, Leadership Development in the Military Context, "The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power" by Joel Bakan, Self-Managed Learning Process in Organizations, Entail employees having casual occupation affiliation, Are linked to better engagement terms and regular working conditions. ), Non-Standard Employment in Post-Industrial Labour Markets: An Occupational Perspective. Adizes Ten Stages - Corporate Life Cycle Model, Gung Ho! Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2, 395411. IZA Discussion Papers, No. (2020). Flexible Work=Atypical Work=Precarious Work? Rogers, J. K. (1995). Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market. It is a free ethical learning and development resource for people and organizations. The third leaf is as follows: The peripheral workers: comprises the majority of the workforce, contingency employees that perform routine jobs. (2002). Temporary Jobs: Stepping Stones or Dead Ends? Labor Market Flexibilisation and Its Consequences in Italy. The peripheral employees protect the core labor forces in organizations. In conclusion, you should consider hiring an employee if: The decision to hire a worker as an employee or independent contractor is done on a case-by-case basis, but you should be aware that the IRS considers a worker to be an employee unless you can prove otherwise. You can assign duties to an independent contractor and impose a deadline and work product, but you cannot tell that person how to get the job done. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Trade Unions and Labour Market Dualisation: A Comparison of Policies and Attitudes Towards Agency and Migrant Workers in Germany and Belgium. Flexible working is a phrase illustrating the kind of work arrangements that allow for certain elasticity level concerning when, where, and time is taken by the workforce to complete the assigned tasks (CIPD, 2013). COMPUTER Is an electronic device which is capable of receiving Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. which is made up of large volumes of agency staff, outsourcing and sub-contractors. Most small business owners start out by hiring outside contractors to do work for them, but at some point, you may decide to hire an employee or two. Flexible Employment and Inequality in Europe. The core-periphery model develops employees competencies to participate in decision-making and give them the ability to do different jobs, The peripheral (non-permanent) cluster guards the permanent employees during demand fluctuations, The core workforces are understood to be dedicated, skilled, and highly trained to execute their responsibilities, The peripheral group has minimal security and occupational opportunities in their jobs, The core workgroup has maximum security and occupational opportunities in their jobs, Flexibility of work integrates the peripheral and core workforces that carry with them several consequences, Flexible working is healthy for the individual standards of living, It tries to view the associations amid practical and statistical flexibility, The practical and statistical flexibility as realized by core and periphery model generate additional advantages in corporate competitiveness, The two kinds of work flexibility that is core and periphery, spell out the implementation of the diverse labor market viewpoints, Dividing the workforces into core and periphery enable the organization to accomplish the flexibility matters, Flexible working in the UK predominantly targeted the guardians, Flexible working was intended to supplement the involvement of labor force, Flexible working solves the bottlenecks of short and long-term labor deficiencies by increasing the participation of mothers at work, Flexible working assists in solving high circumstances of joblessness in UK, Parents working under flexible working condition need no guidance as they find it practical, Flexible working diminishes absenteeism and boost employees morale, Flexible employment requires little government intercession while the labor markets that result from flexible employment are competitive and work efficiently, Flexible working helps parents have enough time with their kids and offer academic aid, Flexible working contributes to the tradeoff growth of joblessness, price increases and suits the occupation to the ways of life, The economy involuntarily grows congruently into stability at every possible production since the flexible employment and wages settle down the marketplace hastily to get rid of the excess supply and demand, Flexible working fosters expansion in productivity, which sequentially creates a resilient employment during monetary upturn. Letting your staff set their own hours so they can work early in the morning or late at night helps to drive productivity. In fact, 66.0% admit that flexible working is helpful whereas 51.0% have faith to have an excellent rapport with their children. See below. Hegewisch, A. Rubery, J. ), The Age of Dualization: The Changing Face of Inequality in Deindustrializing Societies. ), Non-Standard Employment in Post-Industrial Labour Markets: An Occupational Perspective. A key determinant of the relative advantages and disadvantages that people experience in the course of their lives is their access to paid employment. Social Forces, 90(1), 1740. Bristol: The Policy Press. Although there are cloud options to make remote work easier, with todays internet of threats, companies cannot afford to overlook protecting their confidential and proprietary information. Acemoglu, D. (2002). Comparing the Use of Highly Skilled Contractors and Regular Employees. Ltd 2012, Flexible jobseekers. Management Revue, 16(3), 299303. Reforming an Insider-Outsider Labor Market: The Spanish Experience. Thus, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, Organisational Transactional Analysis (coming soon), Dr Ichak Adizes - Ten Stages Corporate Life Cycle Model, Shamrock Organisations - Origins and Introduction, Three Flexibilities within an Organisation - Atkinson, Drawbacks and Arguments Against the Model. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. In P. Emmenegger, S. Husermann, B. Palier, & M. Seeleib-Kaiser (Eds. Industrial Relations Journal, 42(3), 293310. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 43(2), 249271. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. Mitlacher, L. (2007). Responses to Labor Market Divides in Small States Since The 1990s. In conclusion, you should consider hiring an employee if: The work needs to be done under your supervision. Moreno, L. (2006). Aybars, A. I. Managing Labour Market Related Risks in Europe: Policy Implications. Limiting yourself to hiring within your locality restricts you to a small talent pool. Analysing Atypical Workers Disadvantages in a Comparative Perspective. Flexible working is a phrase illustrating the kind of work arrangements that allow for Forde, C., & Slater, G. (2005). From enhanced productivity to higher savings and better employee retention rates, there are multiple benefits of working with a distributed team. Biegert, T. (2014). peripheral group. London: Edward Elgar. Geary, J. F. 2012, Employment flexibility and human resource management: the case of three American electronics plants, Work, Employment and Society, vol.6 no.25, pp.169-170. RECWOWE Working Paper, Vol. Albeit the core and periphery concept has several advantages, they face numerous criticisms in the corporate world (Hegewisch, 2009). The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. The Economic Journal, 112(480), F214F244. Precarious Work in Western Europe: The State of the Debate. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. Lindbeck, A., & Snower, D. (1988). You do not currently have access to this chapter. Vosko, L. F. (2009). Paper for the Espanet Conference Innovare il welfare. Transitions Out of Non-Employment in the United Kingdom and Germany. Where Do They Come From and Where Do They Go? They are distinguished by a more thoroughgoing reorganisation of work, with greater use of subcontractors, the self-employed and agency workers. Working Paper. Gallie, D. (2007). 1984, Manpower strategies for flexible organisations, Personnel Management, vol.16 no.8, pp.28-31. Kalleberg, A. L. (2013). Web10.1. Pulignano, V., & Doerflinger, N. (2013). Patterns of Labour Market Entry-Long Wait or Career Instability? Green, F. (2006). Hevenstone, D. (2010). On the other hand, employees come with a boat-load of laws and regulations attached to them. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. Atkinsons scholastic representation clearly elaborates how flexible working symbolizes tangential occupation (Atkinson, 1984). Koslowski, A., & McLean, C. (2015). (1985). These benefits that an organization gains are hardly documented or understood. We publish books, journals and software under the SAGE, Corwin Are AI Language Models A Boon To Surveillance? Keune, M. (2015). You want to control the hours of work and the tools and International Journal of Manpower, 30(7), 692715. We call for three fundamental changes to enable this. Need a custom essay sample written from scratch by (2005). Seeleib-Kaiser, M. (2002). London: Routledge. IvyPanda. Do Peripheral Workers Do Peripheral Work? For instance, flexible working can help an organization to reduce excessive costs by putting employees on shifts as depicted in the case of British Telecommunications. (2010). The Quality of Temporary Work. The Rise of Network Society. A Theory of Labor Market Segmentation. From a Frozen Landscape to Structural Reforms: The Sequential Transformation of Bismarckian Welfare Systems. An Empirical Comparison of Italy, Great Britain and West Germany. In P. Marx & W. Eichhorst (Eds. Current debates about changing patterns of work tend to be structured numbers of peripheral workers. As long as core workers do their jobs well, their Nevertheless, I argue that the analysis of disadvantage in the dualism literature has remained mostly anchored to a formalistic conceptualisation of disadvantage, referring to lack of rights and entitlements, with limited insights into the actual disadvantages outsiders face. These two groups might undertake similar jobs since the organization can ignore to mull over the manner in which they function in parallel departments (Lasierra, 2007). Oxford: Oxford University Press. A number of varied factors drove the initiation of flexible working in the United Kingdom (Aybars, 2007). Flexibility. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. On the Outside Looking In? While economic equality is of great concern, so is social equality, like the discrimination stemming from race, ethnicity, gender, religion, and/or sexual orientation. This does, however, put pressure on remaining staff as they will have to pick up many tasks, (2000). Barbieri, P., & Scherer, S. (2009). The long-term implications are considered. Contractor: Which Should You Hire? Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout. 1. He finds that contractors and employees were used very similarly in most respects, although there were some differences. Varieties of Dualization? Davidsson, J., & Naczyk, M. (2009). "Using a "Peripheral" Workforce: For and Against." Brown, A., & King, D. (1988). Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. Kalleberg, A. L. 2001, Organizing flexibility: the flexible firm in a new century, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol.39 no.4, pp.479-504. The fashioned laws and regulations allowed the peripheral workforce to come into place in the United Kingdom (Johnson, 2004). Handy argued that within a shamrock organization there should be three groups of core staff. (2007). 2) hardware. Social Sciences Research Network TransEurope. The UK labour market has largely adopted the flexibility model of Therefore, scholars in the dualism literature have de facto ignored the role institutions play at the individual level, in a way assuming that given some institutional divides, individual disadvantages automatically follow. Pedersini, R. (2010). - Bastin Gerald, Apptivo, Instead of taking the mediocre candidate in your area, you can hire the superstar who lives on the other side of the country. 16 April. (2020) 'Using a "Peripheral" Workforce: For and Against'. Vivere linstabilit del Lavoro. Inter-Industry Wage Structure and the Power of Incumbent Workers. Such benefits include freedom at work, paid or unpaid recreation, personal growth, as well as educational leave ranging from one to two years, and limited working (Kerkhofs, Chung & Ester, 2008). Web1) files. Trade Union Strategies Towards Atypical Workers. A total of 51.0% have faith to have an excellent rapport with their children. London: Edward Elgar. Insiders Versus Outsiders. Trade Union Strategies to Recruit New Groups of Workers. The model of work flexibility is commonly used in many organizations, as it is healthy for the individual standards of living (CIPD, 2013). core group However, flexible working has its drawbacks in the UK as knowledge fissures and little developments in administrative functions might arise (Kelliher & Anderson, 2008). Bentolila, L., Dolado, J., & Jimeno, J. It allows the business to match the volume and skill-level Oxford: Oxford University Press. Being able to discuss ideas on a common whiteboard or screen is more effective in person, as you can gauge reactions and tailor the discussion when you are able to see the whole person. Ferrera, M. (1996). Goldthorpe, J. flexibilitty and cost reductions are advantages generally The Dynamics of Labour Market Reform in European Countries. Tucker, D. (2003). If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Fudge, J. What Is The Competitive Advantage Of LLMs Like ChatGPT For Your Business? In P. Marx & W. Eichhorst (Eds. Berton, F., Richiardi, M., & Sacchi, S. (2012). 838 Words. Looking Beyond the Bridge: The Effect of Temporary Agency Employment on Labor Market Outcomes. Bertolini, S. (2009). 2008, The flexible firm fixation or fact? Work, Employment and Society, vol.2 no.3, pp.281-316. Revue Franaise des Affaires Sociales, 5, 7395. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Alessio Bertolini . In P. Emmenegger, S. Husermann, B. Palier, & M. Seeleib-Kaiser (Eds. Feldman, D., Doerpinghaus, H., & Turnley, W. (1994). Burgess, J., Connell, J., & Winterton, J. Paper Distributed at the 7th ESPAnet Conference, Urbino. Flexibility causes inflation owing to extra-market powers that sanction the employees to yearn for elevated salaries (Cappelli, 2005). This closeness is important to ensure they do the job to a high Flexible-Firm is often used as a guideline when the company is required to make cuts to the workforce, whilst retaining its talent to stay competitive. These individuals often operate functions such as cleaning and catering. The work is not central to your business; for example, cleaning the offices or running your computer system is outside the scope of your business mission. Web3. It emerges that such employees could be indirectly in service through subcontracting, personal service, and impermanent workforce sets. You may opt-out by. Politics & Society, 38(1), 19148. The exertion by the managers to associate the periphery workforce with in-flexible and un-skilled personnel as well as core labor force with flexible and skilled staff is criticized as unsophisticated. The situations of dependent adults and employees care for their families in UK fostered flexible working approaches. Social Policy and Administration, 41(6), 535554. Vulnerable Workers, Precarious Work and the Role of Trade Unions and HRM. However, this model carries a degree of risk due to its proactive nature if predictions suggest the need for cuts and the company lays off staff needlessly, productivity may drop and the competitivity of the organisation may fall off as it struggles to keep up with its rivals, leading to further needs for cuts. Hipp, L., Bernhardt, J., & Allmendinger, J. Other responsibilities include payment of unemployment insurance and worker's compensation insurance. An analysis of how flexible working practices influence employees perceptions of job quality, International Journal of Human Resource Management, vol.19 no.3, pp.419-431. The classical wag-joblessness augments when wages are established beyond the equilibrium point and too much flexibility causes job insecurity, hence leading to lower output (Tarique & Schuler, 2008). ), Why Deregulate Labour Markets. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Lindbeck, A., & Snower, D. (2001). Paper Prepared for the Oslo Meeting of ISA-Research Committee 28 on Social Stratification and Mobility. Web. The paper discusses the driving interest in flexible working. 2325. 2. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(22), 41494165. Muffels, R., & Luijkx, R. (2008). Labor Market Flexibility and Inequality: The Changing Skill-Based Temporary Employment and Unemployment Risks in Europe. This is associated with high-skill levels across many different tasks, as exhibited by the. (2005, May 58). Are Temporary Jobs a Port of Entry into Permanent Employment? The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Initially, the introduction of flexible working condition was with the purpose of supplementing the involvement of labor force. Jobseekers and Gatekeepers: The Role of the Private Employment Agencies in the Placement of the Unemployed. Evidence from a CAEAS/CPS Cohort Analysis. The author uses these data to test standard core-periphery arguments about the use of contingent workers, as well as accounts of contingent work that emphasize The Anatomy of Job Satisfaction and the Role of Contingent Employment Contracts. Enter your library card number to sign in. Temporary Agency Workers in Italy and the UK pp 1749Cite as, Part of the Work and Welfare in Europe book series (RECOWE). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Husermann, S., & Schwander, H. (2012). WebA study by Allan (1998) concurs with Walshs assessment of the peripheral workforce in service organisations. Palier, B., & Martin, C. (2007). Press, Paul Chapman Publishing, Pine Forge Press, SAGE Reference, SAGE Science and Scolari (US and Europe websites) imprints. Lodovici, M. S. (2001a). Varieties of Liberalization and the New Politics of Social Solidarity. Dualization and Institutional Complementarities Industrial Relations, Labor Market, and Welfare State Changes in France and Germany. Paris: ESRC-CEE. When you start a new business, you will invariably decide that you need help. Organising Non-Standard Workers in Germany and the Netherlands. New York: M. E. Sharpe. British Journal of Political Science, 44(2), 460475. Temporary Workers Transitions to Unemployment and to the Standard Employment Contract. The preponderance of researches does not back the hypothetical distinction coming out between peripheral and core workforces. Olmsted, B. Small changes reportedly transpire in various flexible corporate areas. Labour Market Mobility and Employment Security of Male Employees in Europe: Trade-Off or Flexicurity? Temporary worker. WebA study by Allan (1998) concurs with Walshs assessment of the peripheral workforce in service organisations. The question of how institutional arrangements affect disadvantages among atypical workers has been analysed by scholars in two main streams of literature: the dualisation/dualism literature and the precariousness literature. They keep You may be forced to settle for mediocre talent simply because you need the position filled. (2012). Union Inclusiveness and Temporary Agency Workers: The Role of Power Resources and Union Ideology. Blanchard, O., & Landier, A. Naldini, M., & Guerrero Jurado, T. (2009). 2020. Beyond Vulnerable Workers: Towards a New Standard Employment Relationship. He suggested that organisational structures require increased plasticity in a fluctuating market and unpredictable and competitive business environment. & Smith, S. 2009, Creating a flexible workplace: how to select and manage alternative work options, American Management Association, New York, AMACOM. Journal of European Social Policy, 24(1), 318. CrossRef Expertise from Forbes Councils members, operated under license. However, they are not bound by a permanent contract but instead work as part-time or temporary workers. West European Politics, 11(3), 7591. Besides, it debates on the advantages and limitations of the core and periphery model and further tests the model in the UK (Geary, 2012). The flexibility of work is a comparatively complicated issue integrating the peripheral and core workforces that carry with them several consequences. In S. Hnninen, D. Della Porta, T. Silvasti, & T. Martti (Eds. (2002). Nienhser, W. (2005). AI Can Match Or Outperform Radiologists In TB Diagnosis, Study Says. https://ivypanda.com/essays/using-a-peripheral-workforce-for-and-against/, IvyPanda. Power Politics and Precariousness: The Regulation of Temporary Agency Work in the European Union. Heery, E. (2004). Journal of European Social Policy, 6(1), 1737. ), Precarious Jobs in Labour Market Regulation: The Growth of Atypical Employment in Western Europe. Less than 32.0% of workers meditate that flexible working could render them uncommitted whilst 23.0% contemplate that it will impinge on the promotion projections. Obinger, H., Starke, P., & Kaasch, A. Peripheral employees are involved in multi-tasking and teamwork practices in that they are properly trained. The contracted factions emerge to be extra supple statistically. (2014). You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. The problem is, it's hard to overstate the importance of collaboration and synergy within a team. WebVDOM DHTML tml>. These elements are the foundation of an employee's enthusiasm, passion and sense of value to the company, and distributed staffs struggle with achieving these. Differing opinions, viewpoints and work styles combine to make a better work environment and a group of employees who are more creative at solving problems and better at understanding their customers. The core and peripheral human resources might be allied in terms of permanent position selection and staffing (Flexibility.co.uk Ltd, 2012). Does Atypical Work Help the Jobless? Boeri, T., & Garibaldi, P. (2007). ), The Age of Dualization: The Changing Face of Inequality in Deindustrializing Societies. Web55.2K The Flexible-Firm Model Origins The Flexible-Firm Model was proposed in 1984 by John Atkinson of the Institute of Manpower Studies. of staff to their requirements at the time, which may in the long-term lead to lower wage and other staff-related costs and provide a competitive edge over market competitors. The contracts based on short duration causes insecurity and imbalances to the families at large. Labor Market Segmentation and Insider-Outsider Divides Across Regimes. Union Responses to Restructuring and the Growth of Contingent Labour in the Irish Telecommunications Sector. - Juliette Rizkallah, SailPoint, My team has been distributed evenly between in-office and remote workers from the start. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Benassi, C., & Vlandas, T. (2015). Besides, high circumstances of joblessness in the UK won the interest of initiating flexible working conditions. The Heterogeneity of the Impact of Labour Market Flexibilization on the Transition to Adult Life in Italy: When Do Young People Leave the Nest? The labor market flexibility, the culture of twenty-four hours, or everyday works have long-term inferences on the family lifecycle. Kelliher, C. & Anderson, D. 2008, For better or for worse? Mostly, they work on short-term contracts, job sharers, and work on part-time basis (ACAS, 2013). Luxembourg: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Origo, F., & Lodovici, M. S. (2012). (2004). Companies that hire remote workers have a larger pool of top-notch talent. Here are several pros and cons to working with a distributed workforce, according to 13 Forbes Technology Council members, to help you decide if a remote working model is the right fit for your company. Social Indicators Research, 128(2), 609631. When on the institution site, please use the credentials provided by your institution. The opus of the core workforce is problematic to analyze. Laparra, M., Barbier, J.-C., Darmon, I., Dll, N., Frade, C., Frey, L., Lindley, R., & Vogler Ludwig, K. (2004). Deregulation and Employment in Britain in the 1980s and 1990s. The organizations in UK get flexible working advantages apropos the extensive data tendency. ), Non-Standard Employment in Post-Industrial Labour Markets: An Occupational Perspective. The solution is to seek long-standing services with core workers to externalize employees and activities through transactional contracts. Should further cuts be required, the next target will be other members of the periphery such as part-time staff and less experienced team members. April 16, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/using-a-peripheral-workforce-for-and-against/. You must also comply with payroll tax requirements, including paying half of the FICA taxes (Social Security and Medicare) for each employee and collecting the other half from the employee. London: Routledge.
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