symptoms of depression in women

2003 Mar;60(3):28994. Exposure to an increasing number of abuse types, and other traumatic events, was independently associated with alcohol misuse. Many young patients with breast cancer faced the challenging decision of undergoing ovarian suppression and abrupt premature menopause to lower the risk of cancer recurrence [34]. Gibbs A, Jewkes R, Willan S, Washington L. Associations between poverty, mental health and substance use, gender power, and intimate partner violence amongst young (1830) women and men in urban informal settlements in South Africa: a cross-sectional study and structural equation model. Article Additionally, the study found that MBCT can improve mindfulness and alleviate pain. Heterogeneity was not identified between the studies included (P=0.35, I2=0%). Time. Stafford L, et al. If you are dealing with depression or are experiencing signs of depression, seek help. Early interventions targeting mothers in the postnatal period and strengthened social support networks for women at risk should be developed. However, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) highlights some symptoms and signs you might notice more often if youre a woman. The significance of the mediation effect was tested through bootstrapping 5000 replications with p<0.05 indicating statistical significance. We used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool to examine the RCTs included in this study [25]. This involves having a depressed mood for at least 2 years with episodes of major depressive disorder, as well as periods of less severe symptoms. PLoS Med. National Department of Health (NDoH). Carbia C, Garca-Cabrerizo R, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. Box 19070, Tygerberg, 4091, South Africa, Kim A. Nguyen,Andre P. Kengne&Nasheeta Peer, Mental Health, Alcohol, Substances, and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, Substances, South Africa, Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia, Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Pretoria, 7505, 0001, South Africa, Naeemah Abrahams,Rachel Jewkes,Shibe Mhlongo&Esnat Chirwa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa, Office of the Executive Scientist, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa, SAMRC Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa, You can also search for this author in Sardinha L, Maheu-Giroux M, Stckl H, Meyer SR, Garca-Moreno C. Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018. Generally, 4 measurement time-points were employed, including baseline and post-intervention measurements. Dardis CM, Ullman SE, Rodriguez LM, Waterman EA, Dworkin ER, Edwards KM. Symptoms of depression include the following: Feeling sad, tearful, low, guilty, or empty; Losing enjoyment in pleasurable activities; Appetite or weight changes; Too little or too much sleep; Feeling agitated or tired; Having trouble concentrating; Methods to Reduce Depression A study demonstrated that a symptom cluster of anxiety, depression, fatigue, and pain adversely affected the QOL of women with breast cancer who were receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy . Associations between childhood adversity and depression, substance abuse and HIV and HSV2 incident infections in rural south african youth. For each IPV type, item responses were summed and then recoded as yes, present or no, not present. Article Part of Evidence suggests that breast cancer survivors at any stage often experience fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), which may negatively affect their QOL [ A higher score indicated more severe insomnia [43]. 2018;16(1):97. Many women report a loss of interest or motivation related to activities they used to enjoy. London, England: Lancet; 2022 Feb. pp. 2013 Jun;38(6):221923. Lifetime intimate partner violence (IPV): IPV type: The WHO multi-country study questionnaire [39], previously validated in South Africa [40] assessed the frequency of sexual abuse (four items), physical abuse (five items), emotional abuse (seven items) and economic abuse (seven items) by a current or previous intimate partner. The AUDIT-C comprises three items that examine frequency of alcohol consumption, the number of drinks per drinking day and the frequency of binge drinking (defined as consuming6 drinks on one occasion) in the 12 months preceding the assessment. Depending on what time of year you get seasonal depression, you might feel the need to sleep too much, or feel like youre not getting enough sleep in addition to other common depression symptoms like sadness and apathy. Logistic regression and multiple mediation models were used to test the mediation effects of symptoms of depression and PTSS on the association between abuse/trauma and alcohol misuse. It turns out that the tendency to internalize negative events is connected to depression. They also reported exposure to a higher number of other traumatic events than women who did not report alcohol misuse [2 (IQR: 14) vs. 1 (IQR: 03), p<0.001]. Mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy for women with breast and gynecologic cancer: a pilot study to determine effectiveness and feasibility. Luciano MT, Acuff SF, Olin CC, Lewin RK, Strickland JC, McDevitt-Murphy ME, et al. Coping Frequently Asked Questions Depression affects at least 350 million people around the world. PTSS partially mediated the associations of CM, IPV, NPSV and other trauma exposures with alcohol misuse (ps0.04 for indirect effects), but depression symptoms did not. DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Men may feel pressure to be strong, self-reliant, and avoid appearing weak. 2021;30(3):27986. Women are twice as likely to deal with its symptoms as men. 2016;3(2):e25. Seshadri A, et al. 2021;0(0):00. Sadness is only a small part of depression. Abrahams N, Seedat S, Lombard C, Kengne AP, Myers B, Sewnath A, et al. PLoS Med. This study also found associations of severity of exposure to overall IPV, and physical and emotional IPV with alcohol misuse. Higher total scores reflect greater levels of alcohol consumption with cut-offs of 3 or more indicative of alcohol misuse among women [30]. Please let us know if you have accessibility needs. However, good maternal social support can be a strong protector. 2004 Dec;11(4):33041. The study protocol, published previously, describes the methods in detail [27, 28]. They may withdraw from family and friends, choosing to deal with depression on their own. Gass JD, Stein DJ, Williams DR, Seedat S. Intimate partner violence, health behaviours, and chronic physical illness among south african women. Assessment. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological distress, fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, spiritual well-being, and quality of life in patients with breast cancer-a randomized controlled trial. WebWhat are the symptoms of depression? There are many signs and symptoms of depression, and everyone's experience will vary. Several studies have examined the correlates of alcohol misuse among South African women, noting the importance of contextual drivers of drinking (such as poverty, unemployment, and alcohol availability) [4], as well as psychosocial factors that increase womens risk of alcohol misuse [5,6,7]. Depressive symptoms: The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale assessed depressive symptoms in the 7 days preceding the interview [31]. The investigation of the mediating role of coping trategies on the relationship between childhood traumas, depression and alcohol use disorder in university students. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or sleeping too much. 2019;28(12):225769. A possible explanation for QOL being nonsignificantly affected could be the short-term nature of the MBCT intervention; perhaps a long-term (at least 3months) MBCT intervention is required for significant improvements. While the clinical term is major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern, most people might know it as seasonal depression. But Hunziker says that focusing on both mental and physical health is crucial for men because the two are interconnected and significantly impact overall well-being. Volume 399. WebWomen may also experience physical symptoms of depression, including pain or stomach upset. Cookies policy. Different phases of life might mean your body is experiencing different hormones, like when youre pregnant or experiencing menopause. It can have an impact on every aspect of your life. Myers B, Carney T, Wechsberg WM. This study analysed baseline data of the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) study which recruited participants in the greater Durban area, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Your US state privacy rights, Coping Frequently Asked Questions Depression affects at least 350 million people around the world. Background: Postnatal depression is a significant public health issue that demands attention, and ecent evidence indicates that rates are relatively high in low-income countries such as Rwanda.However, lack of social support is recognized as a potential risk factor for postnatal depressive symptoms. The. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress partially mediate the relationship between gender-based violence and alcohol misuse among South African women, Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-023-00549-8, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. BMC Women's Health 23, 331 (2023). What causes depression? These results indicated that the improvements in QOL had been clinically significant [17]. Some people with depression do not feel sadness at all. The authors also collected data on the MBCT protocol, namely presence or absence of a control group, outcome variables, follow-up duration, and study results. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Copenhagen, Denmark: The Nordic Cochrane Centre TCC. Previous studies have shown that symptoms of traumatic stress mediate the relationship between various types of child maltreatment (CM) [26], or cumulative trauma exposure irrespective of type [25], and alcohol use, but these studies have not explored whether the mediating effects of traumatic stress are consistent across CM, IPV and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) exposures. Study protocol for a longitudinal study evaluating the impact of rape on womens health and their use of health services in South Africa. volume23, Articlenumber:331 (2023) Patock-Peckham JA, Belton DA, DArdenne K, Tein J-Y, Bauman DC, Infurna FJ, et al. BMJ. All co-authors critically reviewed, commented on all drafts and approved the final submission. 2003;72(3):1419. You feel as if nothing will ever get better and theres nothing you can do to improve your situation. Is it postpartum depression or baby blues? Considerable research indicates that men between the ages of 18-64 seek mental and physical health care services less often than women. Therefore, a random effects model was applied to account for heterogeneity amongstudyresults. JNCI. Symptoms May Differ from Those of Women Symptoms among men may be different from those that women often exhibit. Dimensions of childhood trauma and their direct and indirect links to PTSD, impaired control over drinking, and alcohol-related-problems. Google Scholar. Bidirectional associations between alcohol use and intimate partner violence and sexual assault victimization among college women. The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University) is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Longitudinal change in womens sexual victimization experiences as a function of Alcohol Consumption and sexual victimization history: a latent transition analysis. South Africa, Rockville, Maryland, USA NDoH, Stats SA, SAMRC, ICF: Pretoria; 2019. Bryan AEB, Norris J, Abdallah DA, Stappenbeck CA, Morrison DM, Davis KC, et al. 2020;60(2):3819. 1996 Apr;184(4):2557. Common signs of depression include: Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Norton PJ, Kazantzis N. Dynamic relationships of therapist alliance and group cohesion in transdiagnostic group CBT for anxiety disorders. 2. 2019;37:15641564. Some people with depression do not feel sadness at all. Webpatients-consumers. If you dont usually experience these kinds of mood changes, depression could be one reason why theyve started. Experiences in close relationships short form, Functional assessment of cancer therapy-general, Functional assessment of chronic illness therapyspiritual, Five facet mindfulness questionnaire-short form, World health organization 5item wellbeing index. 2007 Jul;31(7):120817. Participants in 2 studies participated in individualized MBCT sessions led by experienced online therapists [35, 36]. PubMed Central Childhood maltreatment (CM): History of exposure to sexual, physical and emotional abuse/maltreatment, as well as parental neglect before 18 years of age was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) scale [37, 38]. However, more evidence was needed to confirm this. The frequency of exposure to each CM type was categorised as never (1), sometimes (2), often (3), or very often (4). WebKey facts Depression is a common mental health condition that affects how you think, feel and behave. Article Curr Oncol. 2007;48(2):17885. Correspondence to For most females with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, headache, anxiety, irritability and experiencing the blues are minor and short-lived. If youd like more ideas on what treatments are a good fit for you, you can get a deeper dive here. 2017;56(12):166576. Baseline data were collected between August 2014 and March 2019 by trained female staff who administered interview-based questionnaires in the participants preferred language (isiZulu, English) using an electronic data capturing and management tool (Bryant System). For example, women may experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms during menstruation, such as irritability, mood swings, and anxiety. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), depression is more than feeling down or having a bad day. each abuse type, severity score or mental health outcome). 2021;30(2):36784. Intimate partner violence victimization and alcohol consumption in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2005;330(7493):702. WebKey facts Depression is a common mental health condition that affects how you think, feel and behave. Women may experience depression in response to life events including pregnancy and birth, as well as stress at work and relationship difficulties. But Cooperman explains that others start sleeping less, often waking up in the wee hours of the morning. The two authors searched for all studies published before December 2021 in various databases, including Embase, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), CINAHL, and PsycINFO. (2015). Future studies should collect relevant long-term data on the effectiveness of MBCT in reducing anxiety, insomnia, pain, and improving the quality of life in breast cancer survivors. Correction: The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the quality of life of breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Any CM (OR: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.271.99), as well as exposure to sexual (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.041.94), physical (OR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.121.72) and emotional CM (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.041.66), and number of CM types (OR: 1.17; 95%CI: 1.071.29) were independently associated with alcohol misuse. Risk of anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors compared to women who have never had cancer: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. Symptoms of depression include the following: Male depression is a severe medical condition, but many men try to ignore it or refuse treatment. Shamseer L, et al. The review procedures, including its design, adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines [24]. This can look like feeling guilty or ashamed even when something isnt your fault. For most females with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, headache, anxiety, irritability and experiencing the blues are minor and short-lived. A brief introduction of study was done by the service providers and interested women were asked to provide their contact details [28]. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. PTSS partially mediated the associations of CM, IPV, NPSV and other trauma exposures with alcohol misuse (ps 0.04 for indirect effects), but depression symptoms did not. You might also experience a decrease in appetite and weight. Mother, wife, employee, friend, healer, caregiver, and the list goes on. Several limitations and sources of bias should be considered when interpreting these findings. Unlike in previous systematic reviews or meta-analysis focusing on mindfulness, the present study considered indicators of mindfulness. Depression is more common in women than men. It may help patients with cancer gain insight into the meaning of life [18]. He suggests that when you reach out for help, you are as specific as possible about what you are experiencing. Baseline characteristics were summarised as means (standard deviation, SD) or medians (interquartile range) for continuous variables, and as counts (percentages) for categorical variables, for the overall sample and by alcohol misuse status. Nissen ER, et al. Mother, wife, employee, friend, healer, caregiver, and the list goes on. These are the symptoms of postnatal depression and how to manage them. By focusing on mental and physical health, men can improve their quality of life, enhance their overall well-being, and increase longevity. Vachon E, et al. 2009 Dec;22(6):57584. Tiredness and lack of energy, so even small tasks take extra effort. For more information, contact your county Extension office. WebKey facts Depression is a common mental health condition that affects how you think, feel and behave. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. WebSymptoms of Depression ; Forms of Depression . One study showed that cancer patients preferred face-to-face MBSR intervention in a group setting [47]. A standard score cut-off of 16 was used to classify participants into presence of clinically significant symptoms of depression vs. absence of clinically significant symptoms [31]. Three RCTs [17, 18, 35] in which a total of 296 patients were enrolled reported that MBCT had immediate effects on depression symptoms. According to Hunziker, men with depression may be more likely to: Men may also find it harder to acknowledge feelings of sadness, worthlessness, or excessive guilt, which are common symptoms of depression, Hunziker says. Another limitation is that the sample included two groups of women who were recruited voluntarily at post-rape service centres (rape exposed group) and primary health care facilities (control group), and thus do not represent all women who were raped or those who seek care post rape or the general population of women. When different rating instruments were used in studies, we employed the standardized mean difference (SMD) to reveal the study effect size; when the same rating instruments were used, we employed mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous outcome summaries. No guarantee, endorsement, or discrimination among comparable products is intended or implied by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. We applied a random effects model for estimations of heterogeneity among study results. statement and Understanding how various experiences of GBV affect alcohol misuse may help identify survivors of GBV who are at greater risk for alcohol problems and require prioritisation for these interventions. We also acknowledge the potential for Type 1 error in our analyses given the many comparisons, highlighting the importance of replicating these findings. Park S, et al. Some women may also experience premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS that can lead to depression and suicidal thoughts. This form of depression includes all the symptoms of a major depressive episode plus an episode of psychosis, meaning delusions or hallucinations. A higher proportion of women who met criteria for alcohol misuse reported CM, irrespective of CM type and number of CM types compared to women who did not report alcohol misuse (all ps0.05) (Table2). Lifetime non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) exposure: Four questions explored experiences of sexual violence by non-partners (Cronbach =0.70). Overall CM was defined as exposure to any of the four types of CM and categorised as yes, present or no, absent. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) was used to screen for the presence of alcohol misuse. Burgess C, et al. Petersen Williams P, Brooke-Sumner C, Joska J, Kruger J, Vanleeuw L, Dada S et al. The finding that both sexual abuse during childhood and sexual IPV were not associated with alcohol misuse also needs further exploration. Common signs of depression include: Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Clin Psychol Psychother. Not on the agenda: a qualitative study of influences on health services use among poor young women who use drugs in Cape Town, South Africa. 2018 Feb;8(2):e017955. Women with breast cancer who had undergone MBCT (with a threshold of at least 60% of breast cancer patients in the literature, if the original recruitment included more cancer types) were included in the study, and patients in the control group (or without control group) who had not received MBCT were included for comparison. Lots of people walk through life trying to hide behind a smile. You might have outbursts of anger followed by deep sadness and crying. Hughes K, Bellis MA, Hardcastle KA, Sethi D, Butchart A, Mikton C, et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The pooled meta-analysis results revealed that at the end of the MBCT intervention, participants anxiety (SMD,0.70; 95% CI,1.26 to0.13; I2=69%), pain (SMD,0.64; 95% CI,0.92 to0.37; I2=0%), and depression (SMD,0.65; 95% CI,1.14 to0.17; I2=75%) levels significantly decreased, and their mindfulness (MD, 8.83; 95% CI, 3.88 to 13.78; I2=68%) levels significantly increased. This is the most severe form of depression and one of the most common forms. Glob Health Action. Common signs of depression include: Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Meanwhile, young women are more than twice as likely to experience depression. Coping Frequently Asked Questions Depression affects at least 350 million people around the world. Internet-delivered mindfulness for people with depression and chronic pain following spinal cord injury: a randomized, controlled feasibility trial. Haller H, et al. Different from previous studies, we did not demonstrate that MBCT had significant effects on insomnia and QOL [18, 29].
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