prevalence of malnutrition in pregnancy

Overweight prevalence among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-height >+2 SD), Overweight prevalence among children under 5 years of age (%) (% weight-for-height >+2 SD) (survey-based estimates), Stunting prevalence among children under 5 years of age (%) (model-based estimates), Severe wasting among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-height <-3 SD) (country survey results), Wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-height <-2 SD) (country survey results), Underweight prevalence among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-age <-2 SD) (%) (survey-based estimates), Stunting prevalence among children under 5 years of age (% height-for-age <-2 SD), Prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age (aged 15-49) (%), Prevalence of anaemia in non-pregnant women (aged 15-49) (%), Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women (aged 15-49) (%), Prevalence of anaemia in children aged 659 months (%), Joint child malnutrition estimates (JME) (UNICEF-WHO-WB), If you have any feedback, you are welcome to write it, If you need to access the old Global Health Observatory data, you can do it. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte Zone. Women who were seriously ill, those who had hand deformity, and those who had revisit during the study period were excluded. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) of the study population from the first 24-hour recall was 3.81 0.7. Primary studies might not be sufficient to portrait a comprehensive picture of malnutrition during pregnancy and its main risk factors. Determinants of malnutrition among pregnant and lactating - PubMed Global Prevalence of Malnutrition: Evidence from Literature Two hundred sixty four (63.3%) of women changed diet as a result of the current pregnancy. Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: an overview. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, those variables with a p-value 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio interval exclude one was considered as statistically significant. Programming of the stress response: a fundamental mechanism underlying the long-term effects of the fetal environment? Imdad A, Bhutta Z. Maternal nutrition and birth outcomes: effect of balanced protein-energy supplementation. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Mid upper arm circumference of the left arm was measured triplicate using a non-stretchable standard MUAC tape to the nearest 0.1cm with no clothing on the arm. The site is secure. Google Scholar. Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. S Afr J Clin Nutr. In the study area, antenatal care service is provided in all health care facilities. Hossain B, Sarwar T, Reja S, Akter MN. Alemayehu A, Gedefaw L, Yemane T, Asres Y. Higher birthweight is associated with an increased risk of cancer, and (if caused by gestational diabetes) obesity and diabetes. Inadequacies in intake of vitamins and minerals often referred to as micronutrients, can also be grouped together. Majority of the respondents had inadequate intakes of iron, zinc, folate, calcium and vitamin A. Pregnant women who are at age of between 31 and 35years have decreased the risk of undernutrition by 15% when compared to pregnant women age less than 31years. The mean birth interval between current pregnancy and previous last pregnancy is 2.71. Our result is consistent with those of the other three studies carried out in other parts of Ethiopia 19.8, 19.5 and 24% [23, 24, 30]. Dietary change as a result of current pregnancy was assessed by a single item Do you change a diet as a result of current pregnancy? [33]. There were no effects on blood pressure, other lipids, glucose or insulin. UNICEF promotes healthy eating, micronutrient supplementation (either iron and folic acid, or multiple micronutrients), deworming prophylaxis, physical activity, and rest to improve the nutrition of breastfeeding women. Stunting holds children back from reaching their physical and cognitive potential. Globally in 2020, 149 million children under 5 were estimated to be stunted (too short for age), 45 million were estimated to be wasted (too thin for height), and 38.9 million were overweight or obese. UpToDate This has raised the question of whether paediatricians should try and limit post-natal weight-gain in lower birthweight infants. UNICEF tests innovations for improving womens nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Implement gender-transformative policies and legal measures that strengthen the social and economic empowerment of adolescent girls and women. Globally, people are consuming foods and drinks that are more energy-dense (high in sugars and fats), and engaging in less physical activity. National Library of Medicine Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Department of Nursing, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia, Mohammed Muze,Mubarek Yesse,Shemsu Kedir&Abdilmejid Mustefa, You can also search for this author in This finding is similar to a previous study [23]. Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition among Children Under-Five Animal research shows that the cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, growth and apoptosis required to make these projections can be altered by the nutritional environment during fetal development [31]. Would you like email updates of new search results? Globally, malnutrition is an important health concern, predominantly in under-five children and pregnant women. Prevalence of anaemia and low intake of dietary nutrients in pregnant Undernutrition and poor health from avoidable causes excessively affect the health of millions of people in developing countries [1]. Compliance with the World Health Organization's 2016 prenatal care contact recommendation reduces the incidence rate of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in northern Ghana. It is also consistent with findings of studies done in south Sudan, Kenya and a systemic review in Africa reported 18.9,19.3 and 23.5% respectively [20, 37, 38] . FHI; 2016. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Of the first five pregnant women, the 3rd woman was randomly selected by using a lottery method. https://doi.org/10.15520/mcrr.v3i2.87. Apart from the serious consequences of a persons health, the economy is also affected by undernutrition [17]. Accordingly, every 5th pregnant women were chosen based on their visiting order until the sample size was met. The source population of this study was all pregnant women who were attending ANC (Antenatal care) follow up in the health facilities found in Silte Zone. FOIA BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth A consistent feature of the human studies is that that the highest risk of cardio-metabolic disease and its risk factors is in children or adults who had a low birthweight but became relatively heavy (Figure 2). Tang AM, Chung M, Dong K, Terrin N, Edmonds A, Assefa N, et al. This study found 91 (21.8%) of study subjects were undernourished. Re-modelling of tissues that regulate endocrine and metabolic pathways could have wide-ranging effects. A cohort study over two consecutive pregnancies. Endocrine systems (especially for hormones that regulate fetal growth and maturation) are re-set, and tissues are supported or sacrificed differentially. We also support large-scale food fortification programmes such as salt iodization and the fortification of wheat flour, rice, and cooking oil with vitamins and nutrients to improve the quality of womens diets. Hawkesworth S, Walker CG, Sawo Y, Fulford AJ, Jarjou LM, Goldberg GR, Prentice A, Prentice AK, Moore SE. Dadi AF, Desyibelew HD. For the mother, a short birth interval may give her insufficient time to recover from the nutritional burden of pregnancy [49]. The total score was a maximum of 5. PLoS One. Variables with p-value of <0.25 in Bivariable logistic regression analysis were candidates for multiple logistic regression analysis. Two-year old children whose mothers received multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy were heavier and had larger head, chest and mid-arm circumferences and larger skinfold thickness, but lower systolic blood pressure, than children of control women, who received only iron and folic acid [19]. Led by WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition calls for policy action across 6 key areas: WHO aims for a world free of all forms of malnutrition, where all people achieve health and wellbeing. Chilot D, Belay DG, Merid MW, Kibret AA, Alem AZ, Asratie MH, Teshager NW, Aragaw FM. The prevalence of anaemia in . The Decade is an unprecedented opportunity for addressing all forms of malnutrition. https://doi.org/10.16966/2471-8211.102. Khan KS, Chien PFW, Khan NB. strengthening and promoting nutrition governance and accountability, everywhere. Longer follow-up of these trials is needed, and data are required from studies in other populations and of other interventions, including pre-conceptional trials, before conclusions can be reached. Background/Purpose: Malnutrition is a significant global public health burden with greater concern among children under five years in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).To effectively address the problem of malnutrition, especially in resource-scarce communities, knowing the prevalence, causes and risk factors associated with it are essential steps. Co-occurrence of iron, folate, and vitamin A deficiency among pregnant Meal frequency was considered to be recommended (adequate) when respondents take an additional meal (>3 meals per day) as a result of the current pregnancy [36]. 2016;29(2):7581. Bouret SG. Malnutrition, in every form, presents significant threats to human health. All started in pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester, and the offspring outcomes most frequently studied were growth and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Following on from this, a large number of birth cohort studies have now linked lower birthweight to other adverse outcomes in later life. Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation can impair health. Nutrition during pregnancy. The majority 216(56.1%) of the women reported that they had >=5 family size. Offspring of male mice fed a low-protein diet from weaning until sexual maturity had increased hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis [35]. A systematic review of observational studies. Thus, in this study, we looked at the prevalence of iron, folate, and vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia. Determinants of malnutrition among pregnant and lactating women under 1975;28(11):122333. Lechtig A, Yarbrough C, Delgado H, Habicht JP, Martorell R, Klein RE. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229698. Paediatr Int Child Health. Interventions, such as omega-3, vitamin D, weight loss surgery, and MNT, were effective in addressing some of the maternal and infant outcomes. Willy KJK, Peter C. Dietary diversity, nutrient intake and nutritional status among pregnant women in Laikipia County, Kenya. Maternal factors such as age, education, family size and marital status have also been found to significantly influence the nutritional status of their under-five children [8, 9]. The Devastating Reality of Global Hunger and Malnutrition Women have distinct nutritional requirements throughout their life especially before and during pregnancyand while breastfeeding, when nutritional vulnerability is greatest. The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8% current estimate is lower than previously reported in the study area, but higher than reported in developed countries. MY had a major role in methodology part and data interpretation. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231940. J Nutr Food Sci. J Biosoc Sci. If early pregnancy is a critical time for nutritional programming of adiposity, as suggested by animal studies [23] and the Dutch Famine studies [24], effects of supplements started later in pregnancy may be limited. Dietary intake and food habits of pregnant women residing in urban and rural areas of Deyang City, Sichuan Province. . Hofman P, Regan F, Cutfield WS. Adv Public HealHindawi. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Expand access to social transfer programmes for adolescent girls and women, including in fragile settings and humanitarian crises. Methods Databases and tools. In the year 2025, the WHO has planned to reduce anemia by 50% and low birth-weight by 30% [14]. Futur Child. Yvette Fautsch Macas. Tang AM, et al. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association between independent and dependent variables. UNICEF promotes healthy eating, micronutrient supplementation (iron and folic acidor multiple micronutrients, and calcium), deworming prophylaxis, weight gain monitoring, physical activity, and rest to improve the nutrition of pregnant women. There are many reasons to suspect that a short birth interval could adversely affect nutritional status of the mother or the child. The .gov means its official. Factors associated with dietary practice and nutritional status of pregnant women in Dessie town, northeastern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Part 1: Weight gain and Part II: Nutrient supplements. Serbesa ML, Iffa M, Geleto M. Factors associated with malnutrition among pregnant women and lactating mothers in Miesso health center, Ethiopia. Iodine, vitamin A, and iron are the most important in global public health terms; their deficiency represents a major threat to the health and development of populations worldwide, particularly children and pregnant women in low-income countries. As part of this work, we aim to shape markets to help increase access to low-cost, high-quality micronutrient supplements for women, and drive product innovation for nutrition. Sensitivity analysis for studies included, Fig 3. In both the Guatemala and Indian trial, offspring of intervention mothers were taller, and in Guatemala an increase in height was also observed in the next generation. In the current study, the age of pregnant mothers was found to be negatively associated with the undernutrition of pregnant women. Effect of integration of supplemental nutrition with public health programmes in pregnancy and early childhood on cardiovascular risk in rural Indian adolescents: long term follow-up of Hyderabad nutrition trial. Maternal and child nutrition is one of its targets that need updated data on the nutritional profile of pregnant women which is essential to develop effective intervention strategies to prevent maternal and child undernutrition. Furthermore, principal investigators carefully cleaned and entered collected data into a computer. Age of women, Birth intervals, and Dietary change as a result of current pregnancy and Nutrition knowledge were importa Burden and determinants of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03404-x, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0281-z, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221712, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0087-z, https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000454, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215305, https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0509.1000222, https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000219, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, [email protected]. Malnutrition should be catered in the first two years of life among children or even during the prepregnancy or pregnancy period before the symptoms begin to appear [8]. Sensitivity analysis for studies included in a systematic review and meta-analysis of malnutrition, Fig 4. Reduced transfer of protective maternal immune factors increased exposure to pathogenic microbes and pro-inflammatory mediators confer an elevated metabolic cost on developing infants and contributes to the development of undernutrition [16]. Interventions targeting maternal nutrition education and child spacing with giving special emphasis to adolescent pregnant women are recommended. In-depth analysis of data from a prospective study involving a total of 389 eligible pregnant women . doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070978. 1.9 billion adults are overweight or obese, while 462 million are underweight. CAS Farah AM, Endris BS, Gebreyesus SH. Also, malnutrition increases health care costs, reduces productivity, and slows economic growth, which can perpetuate a cycle of poverty and ill-health. Fetal undernutrition and long-term outcomes. eCollection 2020. Malnutrition among Women: Indicators to Estimate Prevalence Group Practice. (PDF) Malnutrition During Pregnancy among Child Bearing - ResearchGate Participants were approached after receiving service. Furthermore, the variation may be due to geographical variation. Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant Inappropriate dietary practices characterized by reduced dietary intakes, reduced consumption of meals and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables among pregnant women yielded to under. Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia. The estimated value of workforce lost to child mortality was then estimated. 2012;26(s1):17890. Previous studies showed that maternal undernutrition is one of the risk factors for under-five undernutrition [11, 12] which remains an alarming rate: wasting still impacts the lives of too many young children in developing countries [13,14,15]. Stewart CP, Christian P, LeClerq SC, West KP, Khatry SK. Those not willing to participate were given the right to do so. Fetal under-nutrition can occur because of an inadequate maternal diet, inability of the mother to mobilise and transport sufficient nutrients, or an impaired vascular and placental supply line to the fetus. Healthy children learn better. de Onis M, Blssner M, Villar J. Maternal nutrition | UNICEF the prevalence of malnutrition may not be effective in screening women to target nutritional interventions. Totowa: Humana press; 2008. Primary studies might not be sufficient to portrait a comprehensive picture of malnutrition during pregnancy and its main risk factors. It fits with the concept that the fetus programmed by under-nutrition develops metabolic traits (higher blood pressure, insulin resistance, central adiposity) that make them vulnerable to disease when exposed to additional stressors in later life such as inadequate exercise, excess energy intake and obesity. Prevalence and predictors of malnutrition during adolescent pregnancy Kedir H, Berhane Y, Worku A. eCollection 2023. It showed lower triglyceride and higher HDL cholesterol concentrations in men and women who received Atole before the age of 24 months (either given to the mother in pregnancy or to the children themselves post-natally). Influence of maternal nutrition on birth weight. CAS Fetal malnutrition and long-term outcomes - PMC - National Center for Muze, M., Yesse, M., Kedir, S. et al. Southern Nations, nationalities, and peoples Region. Brazzaville:World Health Organization;. More than half (66.4%) of the pregnant women were in their third trimester of pregnancy. People with adequate nutrition are more productive and can create opportunities to gradually break the cycles of poverty and hunger. Programming by early nutrition in man. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Trained supervisors supervised the data collection and check the completeness of the questionnaire on a daily base. Improve access to affordable nutritious foods including fruits, vegetables, eggs, fish, meat and fortified foods for all adolescent girls and women. A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with malnutrition during pregnancy in, MeSH Background Anaemia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women and children worldwide. Malnutrition in all its forms remains unacceptably high across all regions of the world. . The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8%. Eur J Clin Nutr. If maternal under-nutrition is an important cause of fetal under-nutrition, better outcomes would be expected in children whose mothers were supplemented.
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