Divine right is a pre-Enlightenment political concept where a ruler, usually a monarch or an autocrat, claims his authority to be derived from God. Corduroy:Logs (felled trees) layered down in swamps and stream beds to support the armys troops, artillery, and wagons. republic Originally startedas bonds backed by the value of seized church lands, assignats soon became an alternative form of paper currency. These policies were either anti-capitalist (for example, the Law of the Maximum) or involved the redistribution of wealth (such as the seizure and sale of church and migr property). Ambush:To lie in wait for an unexpected attack. (In French, citoyens actifs) Active citizens were Frenchcitizens with the right to vote and participate in elections, as defined by the National Assembly and the Constitution of 1791. In the case of the United States, presidents arevested with a considerable amount of executive power. In colonial America, most merchants imported goods from abroad for wholesale or retail sale. The Treaty of Paris refers to two significant agreements. That is, they form a point that juts out past the rest of the defensive line of works. blockade Cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close a country's port. repeal King George. It was created by the Constitution of 1795. Fortifications may be man-made structures or a part of the natural terrain. It was much larger than the 13 British colonies, taking in the territory west of the Appalachians to the Mississippi valley. Title: American Revolution glossary L-Z Literate patriots read the news of the day aloud to their fellow revelers, thereby stoking revolutionary fervor. The Hbertists were followers of Jacques Hbert during 1793-94. 9. Garrison:A group of soldiers stationed at a military post. Why do reviews often begin with an objective summary of the material being reviewed? Tyranny describes a state of oppression, where leaders or governments pass laws that ignore or trample on individual rights and freedoms. The lieutenant governor was a royal official in colonial America. Complement:Smaller group or detachment of men. A surname ascribed to Louis XVI during the French Revolution, derived from the Capetian royal house of the Middle Ages. Bullets are labeled by what caliber gun they fit. It was included in the Constitution as a compromise with slave-owning interests in the southern states, where slaves made up a significant number of the population. constitutional monarchy (or limited monarchy) specie (or hard money) Highlanders:Soldiers from the highlands of Scotland who served in the British Army, primarily the British 71st and 84th Highland Regiments. Ditch:The deep trench dug around each earthwork to impede attackers. (French for certificates of civic virtue) The Certificats de Civisme were a form of visa issued to foreign visitors in 1793, attesting to their good political character. Shays Rebellion was an armed uprising against debtors courts and the Massachusetts state government in 1786-87. banalits middling classes (or middling people) (French for Field of Mars) The Champ de Mars was a large open space in central Paris, situated on the east bank of the Seine. Iron works during the American Revolution were important for manufacturing weapons, ammunition, and other steel and iron products used for horse drawn transportation and personal use. (French for books of grievance) The cahiers were documents drafted in the lead up to the Estates-General in 1789. Title: French Revolution glossary A-K Cult of the Supreme Being Terms of enlistment are the agreed conditions by which an individualvolunteers for military service. Robinson played with the Dodgers for 10 years. Xavier Blanchard Debray was a Confederate General during the Often used on ships. The bourgeoisie were Frances wealthy middle classes, particularly those who owned businesses or profitedfrom production or trade. A requisition is a government order or request, seeking the supply of money or goods. Palisades form the walls of astockade. x erarch. Papism Elizabeth Zane was an American He played in six World Series and was the first African-American in the Baseball Hall of Fame (in 1962). State officers had authority over militia officers. Provincial Troops:American Loyalist troops fighting fulltime for the British. Powder Alarms A Loyalist is a person who remained faithfulto the monarch or old regime during the American Revolution. No taxation without representation A president is the head of state and the head of government in a republic. Provincial Congress:Between 1775 and 1776 the term "provincial congress" (in some colonies "provincialconvention") was used to describe the primaryrevolutionarybody managing the transition of power from traditional colonial legislative assemblies to independent state legislatures. How the coil springs look like as you move it back and forth.? Regiments typically had one company of grenadiers; grenadiers were often combinedtogether to serve with grenadiers from other regiments. Civil War. Cabal:Group of people united in some close design, usually to promote their private views or interests in an ideology, state, or other community, often by intrigue and usually unbeknownst to those outside their group. Conditions were unspeakable and resulted in more deaths than the Patriots suffered in combat. war. Compound Words Contractions Prefixes and Suffixes . the act of testing something. Sputnik 1. the first artificial satellite launched in 1957 by the Soviets that caused a great interest and fear in science in the United States. (French for old regime) The Ancien Rgime refers to French government and society before the revolution. Throughout the war, state troops and local militias supplemented the Continental (Federal) Army. Operations:A sequence of tactical or non-tactical military actions coordinated to achieve control of an area or gain an advantage against an opposing force. A guild was a powerful association or corporation that regulated and controlled a particular skill such as metalcraft, masonry or weaving in a city or town. Xavier Cathedral in Vincennes, Indiana is a Revolutionary War Similar devices had been used in Europe since the 14th century. Grasshopper:Nickname for light 3 pounder cannons used by both sides to support infantry that seemed to "hop" up when fired. They became targets for revolutionary hatred and persecution. Jacobins Put this information in the box for that letter. journe These certificates were later required of public office holders. In March 1790 each diocese was aligned with a dpartement, reducing their number to 83. Lunette:A half-moon shaped fortification similar to a redan, but consisting of two faces and two flanks. Coffer Dam:A watertight enclosure pumped dry to permit work on a ship. This French Revolution glossary contains definitions of important words, terms and concepts relevant to the revolution in France between 1781 and 1795. The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also known as the American Revolution, arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain's 13 North American colonies and the colonial government . Fete de la Federation What is the word that goes with a public officer of a town or township responsible for keeping the peace? Prior to the revolution cockades were symbol of rank, status or membership of a particular class. Enchanted LearningOver 35,000 Web PagesSample Pages for Prospective Subscribers, or click below, Write Ten Things About - Writing Prompts, more information and activities on Robinson, click here. Powder Horn:A hollowed-out (cow) horn with a removable plug and strap used to carry and pour gunpowder. Itdiscredited the king and several politicians he had been in contact with, including the deceased Mirabeau. word. Some forms of tarring and feathering could leave the victim with significant injuries or even be fatal. What specific section of the world do cannibals do not live? Examples of banalits included ownership of the local flour mill, wine press and bakers oven. Redoubt:(pronounced rih-dowt) An enclosed field work - without redans - which had several sides and was used to protect a garrison from attacks from several directions. Allies of the Patriots. Popular sovereignty is an Enlightenment-era political concept. This was written by Thomas Paine in the January of 1776. Can we see pic of female inserting a tampon? It maintained a belief in God and the immortality of the soul, while promoting civic virtue and loyalty to the state. Ensign:Lowest rank commissioned officer, equivalent to a second lieutenant, normally in the infantry or navy. An assignat was a currency certificate, issued by the National Assembly in 1790. The CPS was given wide-ranging powers to protectsecurity, It eventually became a de facto executive council of the government. Are you allowed to carry food into indira gandhi stadium? Volley:A number of bullets or other projectiles discharged at the same time to increase firepower and effects on the target. (In French, Etats Generaux) The Estates-General was a gatheringof delegatesfrom the Three Estates nationwide, summoned by the monarch. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The conspiracy was quelled by George Washington. To repeal an act or law is to annul or abolish it, as in The Stamp Act was repealed in 1766. Stamp Act - A tax placed on the American colonies by the British government. An unprotected flank is in the air, while a protected flank is a refused flank. If you would like to suggest words or definitions for this glossary, please contact Alpha History. Refugee:A person forced to leave their home, community, or country in order to escape war, persecution, or threatening conditions. King's Tree:Resources, such as white pines and other trees, were earmarked for use for naval vessels as masts, turpentine, etc. What does please be guided accordingly phrase means? Picket:Soldiers posted on guard ahead of the main force. It is also known as an act or a statute. Enlightenment absolutism Sons of Liberty - A group of patriots organized by Samuel Adams to protest the Stamp Act and other actions of the British government. Mortar:Resembling a pharmacist's mortar, this short gun was used to fire projectiles at a high trajectory, usually to clear walls and terrain features that prevented effective low angle fires by regular artillery. What does it mean to call a minor party a spoiled? Salients can be very vulnerable because they may be attacked from multiple sides. (French for free gift) The don gratuit was a voluntary contribution to the state, paid by the Catholic church. Militarily massacres are considered committed against those who are unarmed, surrendering, or who have laid down their arms and assumed a defenseless condition. Fifteen men from each of the sixty-four companies were detached for service in North America. They were, in effect, state-sanctioned pirates. The core principle of feudalism is that nobles own land and share it with tenant farmers, in return for rent, fealty, obedience and some unpaid labour. Also called Patriots, Continentals, Yankees, Whigs, or Colonials. URL: https://alphahistory.com/americanrevolution/american-revolution-glossary-l-z/ First Coalition Castrametation:Planning and laying out a military camp. They were opposed to high state taxes, falling grain prices and the harsh penalties given to farmers who defaulted on debts.
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