WebResults of the new test are repeatable and reproducible. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with topical 15% zinc sulfate solution. Spreadability of the formulations was determined by measuring the spreading diameter of 1g of sample between two horizontal glass plates (10cm 20cm) after one minute. These four creams had similar consistency, and no apparent change in their physical appearance was observed after adding the metal salts. Webdevelopment of a spreadability testing rig that emulates the recoating conditions present in PBF AM systems. The results of the laboratory tests correlated well with the measured sensory properties. It can be concluded from the results that the antibacterial activity of zinc sulfate was higher than that of copper sulfate against the tested microorganisms (Figure 3). The pH of the skin normally ranges from 4 to 6. Only two polymers, namely, carrageenan and HPMC, proved to be optimal gelling agents for the metallic active ingredients used. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Comparative Efficiency of we can provide you with the right equipment and the comprehensive support that you need. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. Mahajan B. government site. The rheological vane method experiments were carried out on a Brookfield RV DV III + Digital Rheometer using a vane spindle attachment. As there is currently no marketed product available with zinc sulfate and copper sulfate, two commercially available cold sore gels and a diaper rash cream, Nexcare Cold Sore Treatment Cream, Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Treatment Gel, and Equate Diaper Rash Relief Cream, were used as comparators in the study. A stainless steel flat plate probe with 6-mm diameter was attached to the moving crosshead. These gels incorporated the active ingredients well. Many of our formulations were affected by the metal ions, which resulted in precipitation, phase separation, color change, and other forms of instability. The tightly fitting plunger which acts almost like a piston compresses the sample and causes forward flow through the annulus of the disc. The .gov means its official. KloverHarris is Constantly Innovative in its Business Solutions to Clients for Maximum Benefits Bukola IABC 2023 Awards: African Communicators Win Big, Coronation Leverages WTT Contender Tournament in its Corporate Sponsorship Drive to Grow Nigerias GDP, Emirates Airline Unveils New Closed Loop Recycling Initiative to Reduce Plastic, INEC Disagrees with APC Candidate Tinubu on BVAS Comment at Chatham House. Spreadability can be expressed as, S= m*l/t. Physicochemical evaluation of selected topical formulations. WebThe lipsticks were tested for sensory perceptions of spreadability, stickiness, opacity and gloss with a nine-person panel. WebThe lipsticks were tested for sensory perceptions of spreadability, stickiness, opacity and gloss with a nine-person panel. The gentamicin standard disc was placed and pressed gently onto the same inoculated agar plate by using sterile forceps. A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The dried inoculated MH agar plates prepared above were used to perform the agar well diffusion assay. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Composition of the topical gel formulations. The results of the laboratory tests were compared with the results of the sensory panel using statistical modelling. Let's stay updated! Bioequivalence of topical dermatological dosage forms-methods of evaluation of bioequivalence. The oil phase was prepared by melting the waxes at 75C and mixing the ingredients uniformly. Adequate amount of sample is taken between two glass slides and a weight of 100gm is applied on the slides for 5 minutes. As for G5, both the 2% and 3% samples had a similar antibacterial activity as the control against E. coli, while only the samples containing 3% of each active ingredient had an antibacterial activity comparable to the control against S. aureus. but is also an important characteristic of ointments, creams and waxes. MCT: medium chain triglycerides; HPMC: hypromellose; BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene. The majority of tests on the texture analyser are only suited to the measurement of materials that are self-supporting i.e. Poloxamer 407 was purchased from PCCA (Houston, TX). Ren G., Hu D., Cheng E. W. C., Vargas-Reus M. A., Reip P., Allaker R. P. Characterisation of copper oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. G4 contained more water compared to G3; however, even that higher amount did not prove to be enough for a stable formulation. Consequently, attention has been devoted to safe, new, and/or alternative antimicrobial materials in the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy. It therefore provides information about the quality of a spread powder layer A sterile cork borer was used to make the wells by punching holes on the inoculated MH agar plates. Of the various extrusion techniques the one favoured in recent years is back extrusion. But I dont want to disclose them, it will be better to find them on your own. Finally, the selected cream and gel formulations were directly compared to the marketed products, including Nexcare Cold Sore Treatment Cream, Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Treatment Gel, and Equate Diaper Rash Relief Cream, in terms of their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Tefose HC (a mixture of cetyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, ceteth-20, and steareth-20) was a free sample from Gattefoss (Saint-Priest Cedex, France). In these studies, the creams were referred to as formulations A, B, C and D, where formulation C is the innovator and formulations A, B, and D are generic brands. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/viral-infections/herpes-simplex-virus-infections#resourcesInArticle, Moisturizing, no grittiness, light, not greasy, Refreshing, cool, no grittiness or greasiness, Film formed after dry, cool, no grittiness or greasiness. A visual representation of these results for C1 can be found in Figure 4. Forward extrusion is suitable for the testing of viscous liquids and sauces, gels, pastes, processed fruit and vegetables but is only suited to products that are homogeneous i.e. From the twenty different creams formulated, C1 was selected as the final formulation for further testing. Conversely, Formulation B had the lowest Mo and yield stress, thus the highest spreadability. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In the case of G3 and G4, precipitation or aggregation of the polymers was observed when the active ingredients were added to the 5% HPMC gel. Results also confirmed that copper sulfate and zinc sulfate have a synergistic activity, as shown by their larger zone of inhibition against tested microorganisms (p = 0.05). The final in vitro antimicrobial study was performed to compare the antibacterial activity of the selected formulations to those of marketed products against E. coli and S. aureus. How can we prevent this bipolar disorder spreading to my family members. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, Kentucky 40506 USA, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Generic Drugs, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, Maryland 20855 USA, Center for Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky USA. Sensory perceptions and performance are important to the success of a lipstick formulation, but in vivo evaluation can be expensive and time-consuming. That in many cutscenes (short films) players, themselves, create them! I like interesting games, breaking with the mainstream. The pH values for the blank and drug-loaded cream and gels are shown in Table 4. Epub 2011 Jan 27. Spreadability Testing of Powder for Additive Manufacturing 1 Introduction. Fernndez-Romero J. This procedure was repeated three times; (Tukey's post hoc test). The appearance, viscosity, and skin feel provided by G1 was considered better for a topical gel; therefore, it was selected for further testing. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Nearly 1 ml of the face serum was properly weighed and 3.3 Determination of Spreadability 2 gm of serum sample was placed on a surface. A., Abraham C. J., Rodriguez A., et al. Unwittingly kills a person and as he awakens cannot believe in what he did. The probe produced an additional deformation of 1 mm of the sample at the test speed of 0.50 mm/s after coming in contact with the surface and sensing the trigger force. 2nd ed. Gentamicin 10g standard disc was used as the control in the study. Cream base should spread easily without too much drag and should not produce greater friction in the rubbing process. Several antimicrobial mechanisms of copper were proposed in recent articles, including reactive hydroxyl radical formation leading to damaged cell integrity, denaturation of DNA by binding of copper to protein molecules, and inactivation of enzymes and obstruction of functional groups of proteins from displacement of essential ions [2830]. Meadowfoam seed oil as a natural dispersing agent for colorants in lipstick. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. The size of the orifice or grid selected is dependent upon the product being measured and the textural property of interest. Ward D. B., Fleischer A. The % torque over time was recorded and the average for each formulation (n=3) was converted to torque using a constant value given for the specific spring in the rheometer. Animal activity was performed to confirm the antifungal effect of the formulated nano-conjugate. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help WebThe spreadability of a powder is a highly relevant characteristic in the PBF and binder jetting processes, due to their reliance on a thin spread layer of powder. Flow curves for these formulations were constructed by discharging 0.5mL of each formulation onto the center of the plate. WebAMETEK Brookfield Page 7 Manual No. is that it is easy and fast to learn. Conclusion: The materials used in these studies were four topical formulations containing the active ingredient Econazole Nitrate 1%, and these were obtained from the Food and Drug Administration. WebHarmonisation achievements in the Quality area include pivotal milestones such as the conduct of stability studies, defining relevant thresholds for impurities testing and a more flexible approach to pharmaceutical quality based on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) risk management. Cold sores (also known as herpes labialis) are a common viral infection occurring on the lips, primarily caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 [9]. Then a weight is placed on it until it reaches a weight of 100g and its diameter is measured after 1 minute. In addition to the antibacterial activity, pH values, color, physical appearance, and texture were also tested during the 12 weeks with the above-described methods. Would like to put together some workshops for anybody interested in learning. Key findings were: 1 Introduction In powder bed fusion processes, powder is spread into thin (< 100 m) layers. During the formulation process, the quality, appearance, and stability of many creams and gels were affected by the highly reactive metal ions. To inoculate the MH agar plates, a sterile cotton swab was dipped into the suspension and streaked over the surface of the agar plates. Kollidon 90F (poly vinylpyrrolidone, PVP) was obtained from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The average Mo value of Formulation D exceeded the maximum torque of the rheometer (7.19104N m; dotted line); this formulation had the greatest yield stress (lowest spreadability). He quickly needs to throw away the evidences. The analysis of spreadability is one such method that can help assess bioequivalence of formulations that are qualitatively (Q1) and quantitatively (Q2) equivalent. The density of the powder in the layer can, therefore, be calculated based on nominal dimensions. Statistical analysis was done by Anova. Key findings were: Nominal layer dimensions were close to the measured values. Composition of the topical cream formulations. The gap was then set for the cone and plate apparatus so that the cone was at an appropriate and consistent distance from the plate for each trial. The FDA will usually not request additional bioequivalence testing for solution formulations that are Q1 and Q2 equivalent. Etan. government site. A rod with a disc is then forced down into the container until the food flows up (backwards) through the space between the disc and the container walls which is called the annulus. Results. 8600 Rockville Pike The organoleptic properties, including physical appearance, color, texture, phase separation, homogeneity, and immediate skin feel of the selected topical formulations, are displayed in Table 3. 2. Spreadability of the formulations was determined by measuring the spreading diameter of 1 g of sample between two horizontal glass plates (10 cm 20 cm) after one minute. Previous studies [69] indicated that both active ingredients had antibacterial activity, which this study confirmed. Liptak G. S. Diaper rash. The mixture was stored at room temperature overnight for the complete dissolution of lecithin. WebThe quantitative analysis of spreadability, coverage, and adhesion effect after application of the base make-up product. An official website of the United States government. Next, the selected cream and gel formulations containing both active ingredients in a series of concentrations (including 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% of each ingredient) were tested for antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus to evaluate their effective concentration. FOIA The desired amount of zinc sulfate and copper sulfate was dissolved in the clear gel with intensive stirring. Web5. ()-Carrageenan was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Continuous twists surprise the player. Boucher H. W., Talbot G. H., Bradley J. S., et al. This work aims to Kokini J. L., Dickie A. Results: Sr.No. The correlation between the coefficient of friction and the measured sensory properties is explained by the balance of adhesive and cohesive properties of the lipstick. 3) To evaluate formulated product by using different tests like, pH, Spreadability,extrudability,etc. Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, Carbomer 940, refined corn oil, almond oil sweet, lecithin soya granular, glycerin, and propylene glycol were purchased from Letco Medical (Decatur, AL). Based on the results, it can be concluded that both active ingredients have to be present in a concentration of at least 3% to achieve a similar or better antibacterial activity as the control against E. coli and S. aureus. However, all three of the generic formulations were previously determined to be equivalent to the innovator product in clinical bioequivalence studies. This test was confirmed by visual appearance and by touch 3.2 pH Value A pH meter was calibrated using a standard buffer solution. Shah V. P. Progress in methodologies for evaluating bioequivalence of topical formulations. This is what distinguishes Fahrenheit. WebExtrusion tests have been applied to butter, margarine and other fats in an attempt to measure firmness and spreadability. Thus in these studies, equivalence in spreadability to within 20% as determined via the vane method was shown not to be necessary for products to be bioequivalent. National Library of Medicine WebPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS new method has been proposed to measure yield stress of spreadablefoods. Stability. Before In this test, the sample is placed into the female cone, avoiding the incorporation of air. WebSpreadability test. The performance properties were evaluated with a friction Stability of product and of the antibacterial activity was studied for 12 weeks at two different temperatures in two different containers.
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