Despite submitting to hours of testimony over the past 6 months, it is disappointing that the Commissioner upheld my suspension based upon a standard that it was "probable" that I was "generally aware" of misconduct. [78] The NFL also announced that Roger Goodell would preside over Brady's appeal, despite objections from the NFLPA, which requested a neutral arbitrator. "[138], On January 24, 2015, Saturday Night Live parodied the scandal in a cold-open sketch with Beck Bennett as Bill Belichick and Taran Killam as Tom Brady. Those sources also claimed that the NFL employee was fired after the game, as he had been taking footballs intended for charity and selling them at a profit "over a period of time."[148]. The Patriots even submitted an amicus brief on behalf of Brady, who filed a federal lawsuit against the league to overturn his suspension, straddling the line between NFL stakeholder and whistleblower. The Patriots? Graziano: Mahomes to the rescue [4] After losing a request for a rehearing, Brady announced he would accept the suspension and missed the season's first four games. They were tested on the sidelines by the Giants' staff and found to have 11.4 and 11.8 pounds of pressure. NFL executive vice president of football operations Troy Vincent's May 11 letter to Brady stated in part: "Your actions as set forth in the report clearly constitute conduct detrimental to the integrity of and public confidence in the game of professional football. "He did so even though he was aware that the investigators had requested access to text messages and other electronic information that had been stored on that phone. problem with the inflation level of a Patriots football."[15]. Under the Ideal Gas Law, the working theory is that the air pressure in the balls would rise during warm days and fall during cold days, which is what happened. He denied any involvement and stated that the National Football League had not contacted him in regard to their investigation. And Gronk takes blame", "Deflate-gate: Bill Belichick says Patriots have followed every rule", "Deflategate: NFL Probing Whether New England Patriots Used Deflated Balls", "Bill Belichick says he has 'no explanation' for Deflategate", "Deflate-Gate: New England Patriots Coach Says Team Will Cooperate With Probers", "Tom Brady: NFL hasn't contacted me as part of investigation", "HeadSmart Labs' Study Scientifically Demystifies Deflategate", "NFL didn't log the PSI of each Patriots football", "Learning more on how referees test and document football air pressure", "What really happened during Deflategate? I had no knowledge of the situation until Monday morning. The Patriots should be severely punished for deflating game footballs during last Sunday's AFC championship game, not because what they did broke the rules . [146], Naqi's report was immediately contradicted by ESPN reporter Adam Schefter,[147] whose report cited sources stating that a "K" ball had gone missing and that an NFL employee in charge of collecting game balls for charity had handed the unmarked ball to McNally. It stipulates that the league has the authority to randomly select games. After the play was over, Jackson handed the ball to the Colts equipment manager for safekeeping as a souvenir. ", "Deflate-gate Is The Dumbest Sports Controversy Ever", "Is media coverage overinflating 'deflategate'? The brief claimed that the Exponent appendix to the Wells Report provided sufficient proof of the deception and that Exponent lied in its assertion that the variation in ball pressure could not be explained by science. Deflategate was a Jedi mind trick to your multiplication tables. In its zeal to preserve the perception of credible outcomes, the NFL scandalized itself with an . [15]:75, The Wells Report relied on scientific analysis performed by the Exponent consulting company and supported by Dr. Daniel Marlow, a Princeton University physics professor. In the aftermath of that game, ESPN's Chris Mortensen reported that 11 of the 12 football used by the Patriots' offense during that game were underinflated by at least two pounds each. [50] Goldberg has represented the Patriots and was present during all of the interviews of Patriots personnel conducted at Gillette Stadium. They are going to be hard. [106], At a March 3, 2016, hearing in New York City, the three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit scrutinized NFLPA lawyer Jeffrey L. Kessler more intensely than it did NFL lawyer Paul Clement, and circuit judge Denny Chin stated that "the evidence of ball tampering is compelling, if not overwhelming. [11], Early reports suggested that the Colts and Baltimore Ravens first suspected that the footballs the Patriots were using in the games against each team might have been deliberately underinflated to gain an illegal advantage during the 2014 NFL regular season,[12][13] although Baltimore head coach John Harbaugh denied reports concerning the Ravens. [137] Media coverage increased again following the Second Circuit's decision on April 25, 2016, to reinstate Brady's four-game suspension. "[15]:46 A New York Post article noted that Grigson's claim implied that the NFL had advance knowledge of the issue and was trying to run a sting operation, contradicting Blandino's claim that it was an issue that "came up in the first half". Walt Anderson, the referee, gauged the footballs. (Photo by Sean Gardner/Getty Images) Doesn't mean nothing happened. I agree to receive the "Pick Six Newsletter" and marketing communications, updates, special offers (including partner offers), and other information from CBS Sports and the Paramount family of companies. "[112] Two days later, Brady announced that he would not appeal further and would serve his four-game suspension at the start of the 2016 NFL season.[5][114]. New England Patriots NFL covered up Deflategate facts and leaked misinformation, according to new book NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, center, leaves Federal court, Monday, Aug. 31, 2015, in New. "[77], On May 14, the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) filed an appeal of Brady's four-game suspension. In short, we exhausted every possibility to give the NFL everything we could and offered to go thru the identity for every text and phone call during the relevant time. The remainder were not measured because, according to the Wells Report, "the officials were running out of time before the start of the second half. Is it easier to throw a deflated football? That effort included a website to dispute the NFL's Wells Report on the scandal, one that included multiple scientists pointing out that footballs can deflate naturally based on weather conditions. [117] Former quarterback Troy Aikman asserted that Deflategate was worse than Bountygate, and that Belichick should receive a harsher penalty than the one-year suspension New Orleans Saints coach Sean Payton had received. [143], In April 2016, seven Patriots fans filed a lawsuit against the NFL, claiming that the loss of draft picks constituted fraud. [75][76] Others described the punishment as "firm but fair. Besides temperature-based deflation and the timing of the measurements, the wetness or dryness of a ball's surface also has a small but detectable effect on the measured pressure, and minor measurement error may be caused by the gauges. National Review[133] and Rush Limbaugh provided social commentary. [29] He went on to say that he was "handling the situation before the Super Bowl".[30]. Five years later, the NFL's 'scandal' aged poorly, NFL suspends 4 players for gambling violations, Jags LT Robinson suspended 4 games for PEDs, Source: Patriots, LB Bentley agree to extension, J.J. Watt staying busy in retirement, joins CBS, Source: Patriots reach new deal with WR Parker, NFLPA elects Howell as new executive director, TE Kelce OK being 'underpaid': 'I love winning', Former NFL QB Mallett dies in apparent drowning, Through the eyes of an NFL QB, with the help of a helmet cam, How Bills' new playmakers could shake up depth chart, open up the offense. [136] Brady's successful appeal shortly before the start of the regular season reduced coverage while media attention returned to the games themselves, although coverage increased again for the prime-time game between the Colts and the Patriots in Week 6 of the 2015 NFL season. Ten weeks later, baseball suspended Astros general manager Jeff Luhnow and manager AJ Hinch and fined the Astros $5 million, the maximum allowed under baseball's constitution. Analysts pointed out that the transcript raised numerous issues regarding both Goodell's ruling and the Wells Report. at Why is it called Deflategate? [82], On July 28, Goodell announced that he had upheld the four-game suspension, citing Brady's destruction of his cell phone as a critical factor: "On or shortly before March 6, the day that Tom Brady met with independent investigator Ted Wells and his colleagues, Brady directed that the cell phone he had used for the prior four months be destroyed," the league statement read. September 21, 2016 / 10:52 AM / CBS Boston. The two-year investigation into Bountygate contained so many holes that retired commissioner Paul Tagliabue, brought in to handle appeals and clean up the mess, vacated the discipline of four players and sharply criticized what he called a "contaminated" investigation. At best, it was a relatively minor rules violation that no rational person would link to the Patriots' victory two weeks later in Super Bowl XLIX. As the story became increasingly less about football and more about scientific and legal processes, it became common for the media to mention "Deflategate fatigue. [72] After Judge Berman vacated the Brady suspension, the Patriots requested that Jastremski and McNally be reinstated; the NFL officially did so on September 16, 2015. That information was ultimately proven to be false and a correction was eventually made in the initial report. According to Blecker, the different needle sizes resulted in one gauge reading at a constant measure of about 0.4 psi higher than the other. It began in November, when former Astros pitcher Mike Fiers explained how the team used video cameras to steal signs and communicate them to batters. The most egregious and problematic aspect of #DeflateGate continues to be the reality that someone at the league office leaked false information to Chris Mortensen of ESPN and, separately, Peter King of TheMMQB.com regarding the air-pressure measurements taken at halftime of the AFC championship game. If you're an angry baseball fan who thinks the game's leaders haven't been vigilant enough about potential cases of cheating, well, let us in the NFL world issue this warning: Be careful what you wish for. In Playmakers, Florio reports that the source of that incorrect information was NFL executive vice president of football operations Troy Vincent. NFL AFC Championship Game The Patriots cheated, but DeflateGate is being blown way out of proportion The Patriots probably broke the rules, and they probably did it intentionally, and they should. Will the suspension hearing for Patriots quarterback Tom Brady acknowledge it? Everything you need to know: The op-ed mentioned that the "expert accusers" (Exponent) ignored the effect of the balls having remained in the bag on game day and linked to Young's website[59][60] for further proof. Was Deflategate proven? Dean tested a couple in the office and had one underinflated and one to specs, and you really couldn't tell the difference unless you actually sat there and tried to squeeze the thing or did some extraordinary thing. [33] In the same news conference, referee Bill Vinovich said, We test them. [80][81], On June 23, Brady appealed his suspension before Goodell at the NFL's offices in New York City in a 10-hour-long hearing. Any game ball that is determined to be over 13.5 PSI or under 12.5 PSI will either be deflated or inflated to 13.0 PSI. Was Deflategate proven? Five years later, the NFL's 'scandal' aged poorly", "NFL Refutes Report That Official Was Fired for Selling Deflategate Ball", "There's a glaring contradiction in NFL's Deflategate timeline", "Ryan Grigson tipped NFL off to deflated balls in Patriots-Colts", "NFL Taps Attorney Ted Wells to Lead 'Deflategate' Probe", "Mark Brunell and other ex-players crushed Tom Brady on ESPN", "In the End, Science Works Against the Patriots", "True Scandal of Deflategate Lies in the N.F.L. Barnwell: How Chiefs came back I hear them comment on it from time to time, but I can tell you, and they will tell you, that there's never any sympathy whatsoever from me on that subject. 6 min read The documentary "Four Games in Fall" annihilates the NFL for the Deflategate scandal, showing it is highly unlikely, and certainly never proven, that the. In an offseason NFL article published this week referencing Deflategate, ESPN flat-out admits that the NFL is "pursuing justice in a case it proved to no one's satisfaction but its own". Up until a few days ago, when the Deflategate "scandal" broke, we were all dummies when it came to the esoterica of NFL. In 2006, the rules were altered so that each team uses its own footballs while on offense. ", "Brady vows to fight suspension, says he 'did nothing wrong' in Deflategate scandal", "Tom Brady's suspension appeal is in federal court", "Tom Brady responds to Roger Goodell's ruling", "Tom Brady rips the NFL's Deflategate decision on his Facebook page", "Tom Brady and Patriots owner attack NFL over 'Deflategate' decision", "Robert Kraft blisters NFL for upholding Brady suspension, apologizes to fans", "Patriots release emails to NFL on leaks of false information", "Ted Wells didn't hire Columbia physicists due to leaks", "Attention circles back to Kensil as Deflategate source", "Roger Goodell's manipulation of Tom Brady's testimony leaves NFL on slippery slope", "Transcript proves NFL didn't know air pressure could drop naturally - ProFootballTalk", "Ted Wells, "independent" investigator in name only - ProFootballTalk", "Deflategate hearing begins with judge Richard M. Berman yet to decide on Tom Brady settlement case", "No Settlement: Goodell, Brady Await 'Deflategate' Ruling", "Judge nullifies Tom Brady's four-game suspension", "Judge rules in favor of Tom Brady in Deflategate; NFL appeals decision", "NFL officially appeals Tom Brady decision", "Goodell: NFL's Deflategate appeal has 'nothing to do' with Tom Brady", "Brady's lawyer feels pressure from judges", "Tom Brady's four-game suspension upheld", "Brady must serve 'Deflategate' suspension, appeals court rules", "Why the NFL Won its 'Deflategate' Appeal", "Tom Brady keeps Deflategate battle going with another appeal of suspension", "Tom Brady is denied his appeal, so suspension stands", "Tom Brady drops appeal, accepts four-game Deflategate suspension", "Throw the Patriots out of the Super Bowl", "Deflategate should keep Belichick out of Super Bowl", "Should Bill Belichick Be Suspended For The Super Bowl Over Deflate-Gate? The Patriots' game balls were re-inflated at halftime to meet specifications and were reintroduced into the game. Blecker also noted that the side-by-side comparison of the two gauges shown in the Wells Report showed them to be of different sizes. No settlement was reached, and the next scheduled court date was August 19. This article is more than 8 years old. "[75] Various commentators also expressed that the Patriots' reputation as a team that bends rules appeared to factor into the harshness of the punishment. It was around this time seven years ago that the NFL was engulfed with a growing controversy surrounding deflated footballs and the New England Patriots. In the aftermath of that game, ESPN's Chris Mortensen reported that 11 of the 12 football used by the Patriots' offense during that game were underinflated by at least two pounds each. On January 22, Patriots head coach Bill Belichick indicated that he did not know anything about the balls being underinflated until the day after the event, and that the New England Patriots would "cooperate fully" with any investigation. [150] The NFL declined to investigate because the chain of custody of footballs from the locker room to the field was not compromised and no formal complaint had been lodged.[151]. What are league rules around gambling on sports? The Wells Report was based largely on a series of text messages from an equipment assistant who referred to himself as "The Deflator," and the unexplained pregame detour of a locker room attendant who brought the game balls into a bathroom with him before the game. Deflategate remains one of the most bizarre scandals in NFL history, especially as time and the truth have continued to shift the malicious actions away from the inflation levels of New England's. [2] Brady successfully appealed the suspension in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, allowing him to resume his playing duties for the entirety of 2015. They know a lot more than I do. [34], Ian Rapoport released a report February 1 citing anonymous league sources who indicated that amongst the 11 of the 12 footballs used in the first half judged by the officials to be under the minimum PSI, just one was two pounds under, while "many" were just a few ticks under. section: | slug: new-deflategate-revelations-paint-the-nfl-in-a-bad-light-during-infamous-saga-with-tom-brady-and-patriots | sport: football | route: article_single.us | The Deflategate scandal, which has haunted the NFL for 18 months, may finally be drawing to a close. BOSTON (CBS) -- The only scientists in the world who believed the Patriots' footballs were unnaturally deflated by a . Based on documented habit, as well as the recollections of referee Walt Anderson, the Patriots balls were (as usual) set around 12.5 psi, and the Colts balls around 13.0 psi, before their games. Adam Hunger / Reuters About 16 months ago, the New England Patriots blasted the Indianapolis Colts 47-7 in the AFC Championship game. Brady was later reinstated as the Patriots' starting quarterback on October 9, 2016, versus the Cleveland Browns, concluding the events of Deflategate. [22][23] The pressures of four of the Colts' footballs were measured at halftime using two gauges, and were found to be within regulation on one of the two gauges, but not on the other gauge. All Rights Reserved. While Major League Baseball should be expected to institute major efforts to curb illegal sign-stealing, the NFL has left Deflategate to stand alone as an unintended example of what happens when you jump too soon into a rabbit's hole. This video was provided to the NFL by the New England Patriots the day after the 457 Patriots victory.[32]. "[97], This, along with other issues raised, led Wetzel to ask "how does anyone in the NFL owner, coach, player or fan possibly trust the league office to investigate and rule on anything ever again? [61] On December 14, 2015, Blecker filed an amicus curiae brief accusing the NFL of being "infected with bias, unfairness, evident partiality and occasional fraud."[62][63]. For those who may not remember, it's hard not to if you are an NFL fan, Deflategate was a controversy that arose when players of the Indianapolis Colts made claims that Tom Brady had ordered New England Patriots staff to intentionally deflate game balls for the AFC Championship Game. Tom Brady has. [15]:Exponent p68 #13, Below are the halftime football measurements by team and referee:[15]:6869. The NFL wouldn't have known either way, because it did not regularly record pounds-per-square-inch readings to that point. The destruction of the cell phone was not disclosed until June 18, almost four months after the investigators had first sought electronic information from Brady. Was Deflategate proven? And the halftime inflation measurement was a rushed and haphazard effort, one that would never pass scientific scrutiny to confirm accuracy. The shaky connections and the preposterous conclusions of Deflategate have allowed it to slip quietly from the NFL consciousness. At its core, Deflategate suggested that the New England Patriots used an illegal process for lowering the inflation of game footballs at the behest of quarterback Tom Brady, who preferred the grip of softer balls. [] I think we all know that quarterbacks, kickers, specialists have certain preferences on the footballs. Astros owner Jim Crane accepted the discipline and promptly fired Luhnow and Hinch. They were arrested for trespassing. "[85] The NFL declined to pursue these records, stating in the footnote that following up on those records was "not practical." What was so fishy about this deflategate thing was Brady was assumed guilty until proven innocent. CNN Let's call this NFL game balls for dummies. [15]:12 and 131, The Exponent science report alleged that no credible environmental or physical factors within the game characteristics fully explained the additional loss of pressure in the Patriots' footballs relative to the Colts' footballs. The NFL responded that timing still could not explain the pressure declines. Patriots fans held a "Free Brady" rally at Gillette Stadium on May 26, 2015. [20], The investigation also found that officials noticed during the game that a game ball was missing, and two different officials handed replacement balls to a Patriots equipment manager. You remember DeflateGate, right? The NFL's Deflategate report is a disaster for Tom Brady. On August 30, Young posted a pictorial summary of his case, including experimental data from Patriots fan Mike Greenway, not part of the brief, showing that even a dry bag, partially open, was sufficient to slow warming of a football that was at the top of the bag by 2.5 times relative to the result reached by Exponent's experimental work.[58]. [43] Joe Nocera of the same newspaper took the opposite position in a January 22, 2016, article titled "True Scandal of Deflategate Lies in the N.F.L. [31] They also reported that the air in an electric pump could reach 130F. You're not going to notice the difference. They're a lot more sensitive to it than I am. In several texts between Jastremski and McNally, the two mentioned and joked about inflation, deflation, needles and gifts from Brady to McNally. [69] Brady's agent indicated that the suspension would be appealed. In the terms of advanced statistics, the NFL was saying there was a 51% probability that Deflategate occurred but a 100% necessity to issue discipline. It just seems Tommy is now guilty until proven innocent. On August 31, writing an op-ed piece for WBUR-FM, Professor Blecker explained that the NFL and Exponent had been deceptive regarding crucial evidence and that it was most likely that the Patriots had not cheated. Arecent pollon the Deflategate debacle showed that just 16.3% of people believe Tom Brady and the Patriots, while 40.3% believe the NFL and its version of events. I also disagree with yesterdays narrative surrounding my cellphone. Teams rarely handle a football used by the other team except after recovering a fumble or interception. The photos also showed that the NFL measured the two needles at different spots to make the smaller needle appear longer. We put 13 in every ball. [57] The brief asserted that the lack of pressure rise noted by the American Enterprise Institute report was not the result of timing differences but was caused when Exponent deliberately rigged the warming test to produce an artificially high result as compared to the game-day events, which occurred when Exponent did not properly simulate how the Patriots' footballs had remained in the bag. He stated that he hoped to comment more fully in the future. And when an MIT professor explained that weather conditions could do the same thing, based on the ideal gas law, who could argue? [3] However, following the conclusion of the season, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reinstated Brady's four-game suspension, which became effective for the 2016 regular season. Not a single judge on the 13-member panel issued a dissent. With respect to your particular involvement, the report established that there is substantial and credible evidence to conclude you were at least generally aware of the actions of the Patriots' employees involved in the deflation of the footballs and that it was unlikely that their actions were done without your knowledge. Let that sink in. Deflategate was a Jedi mind trick to your multiplication tables. The winning team would advance to play in Super Bowl XLIX. Why are deflated footballs better? The Patriots even submitted an amicus brief on behalf of Brady, who filed a federal lawsuit against the league to overturn his suspension, straddling the line between NFL stakeholder and whistleblower. NFL bears plenty of blame for #DeflateGate Posted by Mike Florio on January 25, 2015, 3:03 PM EST Getty Images At this point, it's unclear whether the NFL will find any evidence to support the suspicion that someone from the Patriots deliberately caused footballs to lose air pressure. In swift order, nearly everyone involved acknowledged, or at least accepted, the basic veracity of the story. [51], In June 2015, the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank utilizing the ideal gas law as a basis for its report,[52] released an independent scientific analysis that concluded that the Wells Report was "deeply flawed" and that "[i]t is unlikely that the Patriots deflated the footballs. In this case, however, the Patriots denied nearly every aspect of the NFL's allegations, including Brady's involvement, and took extraordinary steps to defend themselves. It was HD digital to your analog. [4][108] Boston Globe sports columnist Dan Shaughnessy concluded: "Bottom line: The Patriots were doing it. The data was collected and hidden by the league with none of the numbers ever seeing the light of day. Brady's only loss of the season came at the hands of the Seattle Seahawks, the team that he had defeated in the 2014 Super Bowl two weeks after the alleged incident. The fact is that neither I, nor any equipment person, did anything of which we have been accused. [66], On May 11, 2015, the NFL announced that Tom Brady was suspended without pay for four games of the upcoming season for his involvement, based on "substantial and credible evidence" that Brady knew that Patriots employees were deflating footballs and that he failed to cooperate with investigators. He concluded that the Patriots' footballs met the ideal gas law prediction. AFC North 2023: Which division rival can unseat the Bengals? [86], On July 29, the NFLPA announced that it had filed an injunction that would prevent the NFL from enforcing the four-game suspension. In the playoffs, the Patriots defeated the Houston Texans 3416 in the divisional round and the Pittsburgh Steelers 3617 in the AFC Championship Game. [1], For his alleged part in the scandal, Brady's suspension was originally to be implemented during the 2015 regular season. "[54], On August 19, 2015, New York Law School professor and self-described Patriots detractor Robert Blecker posted an article "DeflateGate: The Smoking Gun" in which he looked at pictures in the Wells Report and concluded that they had been deliberately staged to make the referee's recollection about which gauge was used appear less reliable. Why would Pash and the league destroy the PSI data? During that game, Colts strong safety Mike Adams intercepted two passes thrown by Tom Brady the intercepted footballs appeared to be coated in a tacky substance and seemed spongy or soft when squeezed. [115][116] Dan Wetzel of Yahoo! Nevertheless, that report sent waves throughout the league and forced Brady and the Patriots to publicly go on the defense. "[98] The transcript also showcased that league officials such as Troy Vincent were ignorant of the ideal gas law and natural changes in PSI. [12][15], During the first half of the AFC Championship Game, Patriots quarterback Tom Brady threw an interception to Colts linebacker D'Qwell Jackson. While this did paint the Patriots in a very nefarious light, recent revelations do appear to slightly exonerate them. Beginning in 2015, the NFL began conducting air-pressure spot checks at halftime of games. ", On December 4, 2016, the New York Giants took possession of two Pittsburgh Steelers footballs after turnovers. More: Super Bowl LIV | NFL coverage . [100], On August 12, the NFL Players Association and Tom Brady met the NFL in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York at the Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse in Foley Square to discuss a possible settlement. On July 29, Brady released a statement on his Facebook page criticizing Goodell's decision to uphold the suspension, stating in part: I am very disappointed by the NFL's decision to uphold the 4 game suspension against me. [118] Other voices in the press took a strident but opposing view, calling it a "phony scandal"[119] or "the dumbest sports scandal ever,"[120] and accused the media generally of overhyping the issue. The Deflategate scandal was a National Football League (NFL) controversy in the United States involving the allegation that New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady ordered the deliberate deflation of footballs that were used in the Patriots' victory against the Indianapolis Colts during the 2014 AFC Championship Game on January 18, 2015. To suggest that I destroyed a phone to avoid giving the NFL information it requested is completely wrong. Crane retained ownership, the franchise kept its World Series title and none of the players involved faced discipline. The season also saw the NFL change the procedure for monitoring football pressure. "[68], The NFL also announced a three-day appeal deadline for charges against Brady according to the 2011 collective-bargaining agreement, and a deadline of May 21 for charges against the team. Of course, Pash was a major figure throughout the Deflategate saga and was even allowed to edit the "independent" Wells report.
Seton Hall Residence Halls, What County Is Crystal Lake Il In, Articles W