Wellness tourism: Wellness tourism is a type of tourism activity which aims to improve and balance all of the main domains of human life including physical, mental, emotional, occupational, intellectual and spiritual. See also purpose of a tourism trip (IRTS 2008, 2.31). Tourism is understood to bevisits to a destination that is not the usual environment of the subjectmaking the visit. Air travel is one of the most common since it allows you to travel long distances. The Cambridge Dictionary define tourism quite simply as; 'the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay or entertainment for people who are on holiday'. Tourism product: A tourism product is a combination of tangible and intangible elements, such as natural, cultural and man-made resources, attractions, facilities, services and activities around a specific center of interest which represents the core of the destination marketing mix and creates an overall visitor experience including emotional aspects for the potential customers. When acquired by households, they are considered to be consumer durable goods (TSA:RMF 2008, 2.39). Employment in tourism industries: Employment in tourism industries may be measured as a count of the persons employed in tourism industries in any of their jobs, as a count of the persons employed in tourism industries in their main job, or as a count of the jobs in tourism industries (IRTS 2008, 7.9). Tourism Satellite Account aggregates: The compilation of the following aggregates, which represent a set of relevant indicators of the size of tourism in an economy is recommended (TSA:RMF 2008, 4.81): Tourism sector: The tourism sector, as contemplated in the TSA, is the cluster of production units in different industries that provide consumption goods and services demanded by visitors. Data checking: Activity whereby the correctness conditions of the data are verified. Not every tourism destination has a DMO. The governance structures of DMOs vary from a single public authority to a public/ private partnership model with the key role of initiating, coordinating and managing certain activities such as implementation of tourism policies, strategic planning, product development, promotion and marketing and convention bureau activities. As such, tourism is a product of modern social arrangements, beginning in western Europe in the 17th century, although it has antecedents in Classical antiquity. Tourism industries: The tourism industries comprise all establishments for which the principal activity is a tourism characteristic activity. Tourism consumption: Tourism consumption has the same formal definition as tourism expenditure. It includes expenditures by visitors themselves, as well as expenses that are paid for or reimbursed by others (IRTS 2008, 4.2). (TSA:RMF 2008, 2.25). Meetings industry: To highlight purposes relevant to the meetings industry, if a trip's main purpose is business/professional, it can be further subdivided into "attending meetings, conferences or congresses, trade fairs and exhibitions" and "other business and professional purposes". Quality, as one of the key drivers of tourism competitiveness, is also a professional tool for organizational, operational and perception purposes for tourism suppliers. See also destination of a tourism trip (IRTS 2008, 3.14). Destination management / marketing organization (DMO): A destination management/marketing organization (DMO) is the leading organizational entity which may encompass the various authorities, stakeholders and professionals and facilitates tourism sector partnerships towards a collective destination vision. The characteristic of tourism is that the subject does not change his residence address (but he does move away from it) andthe places he visits are places of transitfor him. As a statistical tool for the economic accounting of tourism, the TSA can be seen as a set of 10 summary tables, each with their underlying data and representing a different aspect of the economic data relative to tourism: inbound, domestic tourism and outbound tourism expenditure, internal tourism expenditure, production accounts of tourism industries, the Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) attributable to tourism demand, employment, investment, government consumption, and non-monetary indicators. Although in a certain way the concept of tourism is confused with those places that are of tourist attraction (because of their landscapes, their history or something that characterizes it and differentiates it from the rest), the term tourism and the action of doing tourism refers to the act ofvisiting distant or relatively distant placesfrom the place of the subjects environment. The tourism industry is argued to be the largest industry in the world, providing more employment than any other industry. The second type, called an external satellite, may add non-economic data or vary some of the accounting conventions or both. Social transfers in kind: A special case of transfers in kind is that of social transfers in kind. Domestic visitor: As a visitor travels within his/her country of residence, he/she is a domestic visitor and his/her activities are part of domestic tourism. Business visitor: A business visitor is a visitor whose main purpose for a tourism trip corresponds to the business and professional category of purpose (IRTS 2008, 3.17.2). This makes tourism contribute more widely and strongly to the economy. Reliability: Closeness of the initial estimated value to the subsequent estimated value. Economic impact studies aim to quantify economic benefits, that is, the net increase in the wealth of residents resulting from tourism, measured in monetary terms, over and above the levels that would prevail in its absence. Tourismis not determined by a specific time. Statistical metadata: Data about statistical data. Coastal, maritime and inland water tourism:Coastal tourism refers to land-based tourism activities such as swimming, surfing, sunbathing and other coastal leisure, recreation and sports activities which take place on the shore of a sea, lake or river. Inland water tourism refers to tourism activities such as cruising, yachting, boating and nautical sports which take place in aquatic- influenced environments located within land boundaries and include lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, groundwater, springs, cave waters and others traditionally grouped as inland wetlands. Innovation in tourism may cover potential areas, such as tourism destinations, tourism products, technology, processes, organizations and business models, skills, architecture, services, tools and/or practices for management, marketing, communication, operation, quality assurance and pricing. Find the detailed search strategy and background information here. Destination (main destination of a trip): The main destination of a tourism trip is defined as the place visited that is central to the decision to take the trip. Forms of tourism: There are three basic forms of tourism: domestic tourism, inbound tourism, and outbound tourism. Gross value added is the source from which the primary incomes of the SNA are generated and is therefore carried forward into the primary distribution of income account. Travel item (in balance of payments): Travel is an item of the goods and services account of the balance of payments: travel credits cover goods and services for own use or to give away acquired from an economy by non-residents during visits to that economy. Aggregation: A process that transforms microdata into aggregate-level information by using an aggregation function such as count, sum average, standard deviation, etc. Relevance: The degree to which statistics meet current and potential users' needs. The term "meetings industry" within the context of business tourism recognizes the industrial nature of such activities. Rather than proposing a definition, it is argued that a model is more appropriate. The most widely utilised definition of tourism, proposed by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and United States (UN) Nations Statistics Division (1994), prescribes that in order to qualify as a tourist one must travel and remain in a place outside of their usual residential environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business or other purposes. Tourism in Boston: From Freedom Trail to Fenway Park, Tourism in Los Angeles: From the Hollywood Hills to the Beach, 151 Inspirational Quotes About Water And Life, Tourism in Zanzibar- Africa's Tropical Paradise. They cannot be traded separately from their production. There is domestic tourism and international tourism. Gross value added of tourism industries: Gross value added of tourism industries (GVATI) is the total gross value added of all establishments belonging to tourism industries, regardless of whether all their output is provided to visitors and the degree of specialization of their production process (TSA:RMF 2008, 4.86). If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. Tourism destination: A tourism destination is a physical space with or without administrative and/or analytical boundaries in which a visitor can spend an overnight. For more information on what makes up the tourism industry, I recommend the key text Tourism: Principles and Practice by John Fletcher, available from Amazon here. Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries and an important source of foreign exchange and employment, while being closely linked to the social, economic, and environmental well-being of many countries, especially developing countries. Observation unit: entity on which information is received and statistics are compiled. The accounting framework of the SNA allows economic data to be compiled and presented in a format that is designed for purposes of economic analysis, decision-taking and policymaking (SNA 2008, 1.1). Mirror statistics: Mirror statistics are used to conduct bilateral comparisons of two basic measures of a trade flow and are a traditional tool for detecting the causes of asymmetries in statistics (OECD GST, p. 335). Traditional or sedentary tourism. There is inbound tourism and outbound tourism. It is the sum of domestic tourism expenditure and outbound tourism expenditure (IRTS 2008, 4.20(b)). Travel debits cover goods and services for own use or to give away acquired from other economies by residents during visits to other economies (BPM6, 10.86). Tourism: Tourism refers to the activity of visitors (IRTS 2008, 2.9). Geography is the ideal discipline for studying the global tourism industry; as the key journal Tourism Geographies (under Journals) explains, there are many fundamentally geographical aspects to tourism which (1) "occurs in places, (2) is sold and begins in a place of origin and is consumed in destination places, (3) transforms the environment of visited places in ways that are . A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a tourist (or overnight visitor), if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (or excursionist) otherwise (IRTS 2008, 2.13). The purpose of this research is to develop and test a model to investigate the characteristics of the senior tourists that affect the factors of travel motivation and travel satisfaction. Tourism Products are a combination of goods and services demanded by a tourist during travel to and stay at a destination. Travel party: A travel party is defined as visitors travelling together on a trip and whose expenditures are pooled (IRTS 2008, 3.2). The result found that the characteristics of tourism product adopted from service products. Health tourism is the umbrella term for the subtypes wellness tourism and medical tourism. If a person resides (or intends to reside) for more than one year in a given country and has there his/her centre of economic interest (for example, where the predominant amount of time is spent), he/she is considered as a resident of this country. Rural tourism activities take place in non-urban (rural) areas with the following characteristics: Same-day visitor (or excursionist): A visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) is classified as a tourist (or overnight visitor), if his/her trip includes an overnight stay, or as a same-day visitor (or excursionist) otherwise (IRTS 2008, 2.13). Take a look at our filter for Evidence Synthesis! Inbound tourism expenditure: Inbound tourism expenditure is the tourism expenditure of a non-resident visitor within the economy of reference (IRTS 2008, 4.15(b)). Vacation home: A vacation home (sometimes also designated as a holiday home) is a secondary dwelling that is visited by the members of the household mostly for purposes of recreation, vacation or any other form of leisure (IRTS 2008, 2.27). Activity (productive): The (productive) activity carried out by a statistical unit is the type of production in which it engages. Data processing: Data processing is the operation performed on data by the organization, institute, agency, etc., responsible for undertaking the collection, tabulation, manipulation and preparation of data and metadata output. Visit: A trip is made up of visits to different places.The term "tourism visit" refers to a stay in a place visited during a tourism trip (IRTS 2008, 2.7 and 2.33). Health tourism: Health tourism covers those types of tourism which have as a primary motivation, the contribution to physical, mental and/or spiritual health through medical and wellness-based activities which increase the capacity of individuals to satisfy their own needs and function better as individuals in their environment and society. Tourism is the generic term used to cover both demand and supply that has been adopted in a variety of forms and used throughout the world. Outbound tourism consumption: Outbound tourism consumption is the tourism consumption of a resident visitor outside the economy of reference (TSA:RMF 2008, figure 2.1). In addition, its general characteristics and the tourist. The visitor is a particular type of traveller and consequently tourism is a subset of travel. The tourism industry involves a variety of business activities comprising various business fields to produce the goods and services needed by tourists [8, 14,15]. Data confrontation: The process of comparing data that has generally been derived from different surveys or other sources, especially those of different frequencies, in order to assess and possibly improve their coherency, and identify the reasons for any differences. The classification of productive activities is determined by their principal output. Output (main): The main output of a (productive) activity should be determined by reference to the value added of the goods sold or services rendered (ISIC rev.4, 114). MA student of the TransAtlantic Masters program at UNC-Chapel Hill. Common examples include natural and cultural sites, historical places, monuments, zoos and game reserves, aquaria, museums and . Nevertheless, the concept of tourism consumption used in the Tourism Satellite Account goes beyond that of tourism expenditure. It is a particularly suitable way to explore new areas in a research context. International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities: The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) consists of a coherent and consistent classification structure of economic activities based on a set of internationally agreed concepts, definitions, principles and classification rules. Purpose of a tourism trip (main): The main purpose of a tourism trip is defined as the purpose in the absence of which the trip would not have taken place (IRTS 2008, 3.10.). For more information, please contact us at: Copyright 2006-2023 Atlantis Press now part of Springer Nature, This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science (ICAESS 2019). In conclusion, it is suggested that tourism industry should have collaboration between tourism players, in order to serve tourist better. Establishment: An establishment is an enterprise, or part of an enterprise, that is situated in a single location and in which only a single productive activity is carried out or in which the principal productive activity accounts for most of the value added (SNA 2008, 5.14). It is largely due to the indirect contributions to tourism, that defining and measuring the tourism industry is so difficult! Tourism industries (also referred to as tourism activities) are the activities that typically producetourism characteristic products. He not only covers Technical articles but also has skills in the fields of SEO, graphics, web development and coding. It encompasses a broad range of outdoor leisure and sports activities. Metadata: Data that defines and describes other data and processes. In this post I will explain why there is no simple explanation in answer to the question what is tourism?. Tourism companies usebrochures or films to show what the destinationto which the subject wishes to visit tourist is like. It is the sum of domestic tourism expenditure and inbound tourism expenditure. The term tourism industries is equivalent to tourism characteristic activities and the two terms are sometimes used synonymously in the IRTS 2008, 5.10, 5.11 and figure 5.1. The aim of this paper is therefore to explore on the topic of tourism, highlighting the characteristics of tourism industry and the antecedents to Competitive Advantage Creation (CAC). Some of the international tourism's 7 characteristics include its ability to increase a country's gross domestic product, diversify its national economy, create jobs and open . Tourism expenditure: Tourism expenditure refers to the amount paid for the acquisition of consumption goods and services, as well as valuables, for own use or to give away, for and during tourism trips. The top sex tourism countries in the world, 13 Social impacts of tourism + explanations + examples, 10 Economic impacts of tourism + explanations + examples, Outbound tourism | Understanding the basics, Tourism: Principles and Practice by John Fletcher, available from Amazon here. It has to be understood as a process, i.e. Bias: An effect which deprives a statistical result of representativeness by systematically distorting it, as distinct from a random error which may distort on any one occasion but balances out on the average. Risks are evaluated by their impact and nature. A tourist is considered to beone or those people who do tourism, both individually and in a group of friends or strangers. It is intended to serve as an international standard for assembling and tabulating all kinds of data requiring product detail, including industrial production, national accounts, service industries, domestic and foreign commodity trade, international trade in services, balance of payments, consumption and price statistics. SDMX, Statistical Data and Metadata Exchange: Set of technical standards and content-oriented guidelines, together with an IT architecture and tools, to be used for the efficient exchange and sharing of statistical data and metadata (SDMX). 28020 Madrid, Spain[emailprotected], The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, International Code for the Protection of Tourists, Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism (MST), International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics (IRTS), Ethics, Culture and Social Responsibility, Landscape and land-use dominated by agriculture and forestry; and, Traditional social structure and lifestyle. The primary motivation for the wellness tourist is to engage in preventive, proactive, lifestyle-enhancing activities such as fitness, healthy eating, relaxation, pampering and healing treatments. It is the sum of domestic tourism consumption and outbound tourism consumption (TSA:RMF 2008, figure 2.1). Place of usual residence: The place of usual residence is the geographical place where the enumerated person usually resides, and is defined by the location of his/her principal dwelling (Principles and recommendations for population and housing censuses of the United Nations, 2.20 to 2.24). Self-employment job: Self-employment jobs are those jobs where remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits (or the potential of profits) derived from the goods or services produced. Usually, the service can't be stored as they are highly perishable. Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. From this point of view, tourism is abusinessortradethat provides different services to satisfy the need to travel and get to know different tourist destinations. Adventure tourism generally includes outdoor activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, rock climbing, rafting, canoeing, kayaking, canyoning, mountain biking, bush walking, scuba diving. Tourism: Characteristics & Types. 1 Introduction Part I of this book outlined the stages in the development of mass tourism in Turkey, emphasizing the important role it has played in Turkey's economic development strategy. This indicator provides the most comprehensive measurement of tourism expenditure in the economy of reference (IRTS 2008, 4.20(a)). Satellite accounts: There are two types of satellite accounts, serving two different functions. Read also: - The importance of tourism - Types of tourism: A glossary It provides a comprehensive framework within which economic data can be collected and reported in a format that is designed for purposes of economic analysis, decision-taking and policymaking. The first type, sometimes called an internal satellite, takes the full set of accounting rules and conventions of the SNA but focuses on a particular aspect of interest by moving away from the standard classifications and hierarchies. Cultural tourism: Cultural tourism is a type of tourism activity in which the visitor's essential motivation is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination. Multiple and varied types of tourism can be differentiated depending on the topic it addresses. Domestic tourism: Domestic tourism comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the country of reference, either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of an outbound tourism trip (IRTS 2008, 2.39). Coherence: Adequacy of statistics to be combined in different ways and for various uses. Other types of calendar variation occur as a result of influences such as number of days in the calendar period, the accounting or recording practices adopted or the incidence of moving holidays. Tourism share: Tourism share is the share of the corresponding fraction of internal tourism consumption in each component of supply (TSA:RMF 2008, 4.51). Tourism is also called the activities thatpeoplecarry outwhile they are traveling. In adventure tourism, activities are carried out that produce energy waste. Statistical unit: Entity about which information is sought and about which statistics are compiled. 1. If an interval is calculated within which the parameter is likely, in some sense, to lie, the process is called "interval estimation". For a country, the non-residents are individuals whose centre of predominant economic interest is located outside its economic territory. It is a type of tourism in which the subject climbs mountains , hills, performs sports activities such as rafting, kayaking or diving that involve a greater energy drain than other types of tourism. In the case of the tourism industry, competitive advantage could create by providing an extraordinary experience which is the ultimate goal for travel and lead to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. National tourism expenditure: National tourism expenditure comprises all tourism expenditure of resident visitors within and outside the economy of reference. Services are performed. Political Science with a focus on European Studies. Expressed ideas are open to revision. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, a . Data reconciliation: The process of adjusting data derived from two different sources to remove, or at least reduce, the impact of differences identified. We explain what tourism is, how it is classified and what are the means to travel. Introduction. Althoughmany associate activity with leisure or rest, tourism does not necessarily imply rest, since many types of tourism imply activity and adventure. Employment: Persons in employment are all persons above a specified age who, during a specified brief period, either one week or one day, were in paid employment or self-employment (OECD GST, p. 170). Total tourism internal demand: Total tourism internal demand, is the sum of internal tourism consumption, tourism gross fixed capital formation and tourism collective consumption (TSA:RMF 2008, 4.114). Tourism companies have tried to standardize service delivery by training the staff for efficiency and using quality control to maintain and control standards. Support activities involve transport and infrastructure, human resource development, technology and systems development and other complementary goods and services which may not be related to core tourism businesses but have a high impact on the value of tourism. Reference period: The period of time or point in time to which the measured observation is intended to refer. Gross fixed capital formation: Gross fixed capital formation is defined as the value of institutional units' acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets. This is because they all revolve around visitors and they all feed the visitor economy in one way or another. Quality of a tourism destination: Quality of a tourism destination is the result of a process which implies the satisfaction of all tourism product and service needs, requirements and expectations of the consumer at an acceptable price, in conformity with mutually accepted contractual conditions and the implicit underlying factors such as safety and security, hygiene, accessibility, communication, infrastructure and public amenities and services. For more information visit: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/about/about-cabi-digital-library, Why not join our research panel and help shape the future of CABI Digital Library? 1 year ago. Excessive or poorly managed tourism and tourism-related development can threaten their physical nature, integrity and significant characteristics. Microdata: Non-aggregated observations, or measurements of characteristics of individual units. (IRTS 2008, 3.17.2). Adventure tourism: Adventure tourism is a type of tourism which usually takes place in destinations with specific geographic features and landscape and tends to be associated with a physical activity, cultural exchange, interaction and engagement with nature. Survey: An investigation about the characteristics of a given population by means of collecting data from a sample of that population and estimating their characteristics through the systematic use of statistical methodology. CAB Direct For each industry, the tourism share of output (in value), is the sum of the tourism share corresponding to each product component of its output (TSA:RMF 2008, 4.55). Leiper (1979) believed that defining tourism is more complex than this, proposing that there are three approaches that can be taken. The Veccio Bridge, in Florence, is one of the many tourist spots in the city. Tourism direct gross domestic product: Tourism direct gross domestic product (TDGDP) is the sum of the part of gross value added (at basic prices) generated by all industries in response to internal tourism consumption plus the amount of net taxes on products and imports included within the value of this expenditure at purchasers' prices (TSA:RMF 2008, 4.96). CAB Direct provides a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. Gastronomy tourism: Gastronomy tourism is a type of tourism activity which is characterized by the visitor's experience linked with food and related products and activities while travelling. Maritime tourism refers to sea-based activities such as cruising, yachting, boating and nautical sports and includes their respective land-based services and infrastructure. This definition is identical to the definition of SNA 2008, 9.42: A consumer durable is a goodthat may be used for purposes of consumption repeatedly or continuously over a period of a year or more. Th e following research methods and scientific approach have been applied: theoretical. Consequently, lists of such products will be country-specific (IRTS 2008, 5.12). Questionnaire design is the design (text, order, and conditions for skipping) of the questions used to obtain the data needed for the survey. The Cambridge Dictionary define tourism quite simply as; the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay or entertainment for people who are on holiday. The term itself refers to traveling to natural areas with a focus on environmental conservation. In this way, tourism companiesprovide useful data regarding the climate, social conditions,currencyand all the information that may be useful. Tourism is a phenomenon with no universally accepted definition, owing to the complexity and individualism of the travellers themselves and the activities that they choose to undertake.