9:2527) They set camp near a morass by the name of Asphar, and remained, after several engagements with the Seleucids, in the swamp in the country east of the Jordan. Your email address will not be published. He kills the murderers in Joppa, but declines to conquer either city. Given the small size of the armies, it is likely that both commanders would have faced off at some point. List of Maccabees battles in the Maccabean Revolt, listed alphabetically with photos, images, and maps when possible. Her sons by Herod, Aristobulus IV and Alexander, were in their adulthood also executed by their father. against the Syrian invaders who attempted to force all Jews into What would happened if cocklebur fruit didnt have hooks? During the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire, there were a series of campaigns in 163 BC in regions outlying Judea - Ammon, Gilead, Galilee, Idumea, and Judea's coastal plain, a wider region usually referred to as either Palestine or Eretz Israel.The Maccabee rebels fought multiple enemies: Seleucid garrisons and hired mercenaries under a commander named Timothy of Ammon, non-Jewish . The brothers appealed to him, each endeavouring by gifts and promises to win him over to his side. Unfortunately for them, the Seleucids regained their composure and began to get the better of their enemy. The later Herodian rulers Agrippa I and Agrippa II both had Hasmonean blood, as Agrippa I's father was Aristobulus IV, son of Herod by Mariamne I, but they were not direct male descendants, unless Herod was understood as a Hasmonean as per the following synthesis: According to Josephus, Herod was also of Maccabean descent: In his Histories, Tacitus explains the background for the establishment of the Hasmonean state: While the East was under the dominion of the Assyrians, Medes, and Persians, the Jews were regarded as the meanest of their subjects: but after the Macedonians gained supremacy, King Antiochus endeavored to abolish Jewish superstition and to introduce Greek civilization; the war with the Parthians, however, prevented his improving this basest of peoples; for it was exactly at that time that Arsaces had revolted. The Maccabees were a family that fought a successful rebellion The book of 1 Maccabees is the most thorough account of the deeds of the sons of Mattathias and the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire; 2 Maccabees is a more sensationalized account that focuses on a briefer period of time and adds cool stuff like flying ghost armies; 4 Maccabees is a homily rather than a narrative, focusing on the . In general, its chronology coheres with that of I Maccabees. By interpreting the law on their own authority, the Maccabees were setting themselves up as an opposition government, infringing on the prerogatives of the sitting High Priest. Mattathias ben Johanan (Hebrew: , Mattyh haKhn ben Ynn; died 166-165 BCE) was a Kohen (Jewish priest) who helped spark the Maccabean Revolt against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.Mattathias's story is related in the deuterocanonical book of 1 Maccabees.Mattathias is accorded a central role in the story . The New Optimal prognoses concerning the Samuels (from Bible) graves place. The Battle of Beth-Zechariah was fought between the Jewish Maccabeans and Greek forces during the Maccabean revolt against the Seleucid Empire. This is remembered by the holiday of Art by Yitzchok Schmukler At the heart of the Chanukah story is the heroism of the Maccabees. Through Antiochus decree, observance of the commandments of the Torah became a capital offense, and the worship of pagan gods was required. The town is around 15 miles northwest of the city of Jerusalem and the Seleucid army of 4,000 men, commanded by Soron, marched there to confront Judah. Does Jerry Seinfeld have Parkinson's disease? The deposed high priest Jason took advantage of the situation, attacked Jerusalem, and drove away Menelaus and his followers. Next, Bacchides was sent with Alcimus and an army of twenty thousand infantry and two thousand cavalry, and met Judah at the Battle of Elasa (Laisa), where this time it was the Hasmonean commander who was killed. If you want to learn even more about these Maccabean Revolt . But the Maccabees' vision, the revival of the era of the Judges, was still but a distant dream. How do you overcome disadvantages of fixed bias configuration? By now, the rebel army was growing in strength but Judah could still only muster 1,000 troops. The people of Ancient Greece for there freedom. The Hasmonean dynasty had survived for 103 years before yielding to the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE. Corrections? 1. The depiction of Judas offering terms to the town of Ephron, but then burning it down and killing the male inhabitants after negotiations failed, fits with the author of 1 Maccabees showing Judas as the perfect Biblical warrior; this is a treatment that Deuteronomy 20:1020 from Hebrew Scripture mandates for proper military behavior. Jewish resistance The home of Mattathias, a priest in the village of Modiim (now Modiin), 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Jerusalem, quickly became the centre of resistance. The other primary source for the Hasmonean dynasty is the first book of The Wars of the Jews and a more detailed history in Antiquities of the Jews by the Jewish historian Josephus, (37c. The book 1 Maccabees was likely written under the reign of John Hyrcanus, an era where the Hasmonean state had expanded its borders beyond Judea. [4], 1 Maccabees contains brief letters requesting help from the Maccabees against Timothy from the Jews of Gilead at Dathema, as well as another letter from the Jews of Galilee requesting aid there. In this time period, only Judea truly had a strong majority of Jews; many outlying regions, while having substantial Jewish populations, had many non-Jews. 14:41). [76], In 5755 BCE, Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split the former Hasmonean Kingdom into Galilee, Samaria, and Judea, with five districts of legal and religious councils known as sanhedrin (Greek: , "synedrion"): "And when he had ordained five councils (), he distributed the nation into the same number of parts. Antony also made a feast for Herod on the first day of his reign. Other Jews then reasoned that they must fight when attacked, even on the Sabbath. 2 Maccabees, also known as the Second Book of Maccabees, Second Maccabees, and abbreviated as 2 Macc., is a deuterocanonical book which recounts the persecution of Jews under King Antiochus IV Epiphanes and the Maccabean Revolt against him. Although Mattathias saw himself as acting in a situation of conflict between an earthly power and the law of God, his act might be viewed from the outside as one of political terrorism; he had committed murder for the sake of what he perceived to be a greater good. Aristobulus III, grandson of Aristobulus II through his elder son Alexander, was briefly made high priest, but was soon executed (36 BCE) due to Herod's jealousy. Through the medieval period, historians referred to the bronze tablet that hung in the Temple of Mars Ultor and the later Church of San Basilio, which was built on the ruins of the earlier temple. As the last remaining Hasmonean, Hyrcanus was too dangerous a rival for Herod. Like Judah in former years, Jonathan sought alliances with foreign peoples. Wiki User 2010-12-13 19:45:39 Study now See answer (1) Best Answer Copy The people of. During the first year of the revolt, the Maccabees won three spectacular victories against the invaders: Wadi Haramia, Beth Horon and Emmaus, and they followed up with a major win at the Battle of Beth Zur in 164 BC. She was the only regnant Jewish Queen in the Second Temple Era, having followed usurper Queen Athalia who had reigned centuries prior. His timely help and his influence over the Egyptian Jews recommended him to Caesar's favour, and secured for him an extension of his authority in Palestine, and for Hyrcanus the confirmation of his ethnarchy. The motives of Antiochus are unclear. Hasmonean coins usually featured the Paleo-Hebrew script, an older Phoenician script that was used to write Hebrew. Because of this ambiguity, both interpretations have some legitimacy, and later commentators choose the one most consonant with their own needs and goals. My Jewish Learning is a not-for-profit and relies on your help. In c.87 BCE, according to Josephus, following a six-year civil war involving Seleucid king Demetrius III Eucaerus, Hasmonean ruler Alexander Jannaeus crucified 800 Jewish rebels in Jerusalem. Jannaeus returned to fierce Jewish opposition in Jerusalem after his defeat, and had to cede the acquired territories to the Nabataeans so that he could dissuade them from supporting his opponents in Judea.[74]. Although he himself was killed two years later, his younger brothers took over the fight, finally securing the independence of Judaea. Updates? [15][16] Seleucid rule over the Jewish parts of the region then resulted in the rise of Hellenistic cultural and religious practices: "In addition to the turmoil of war, there arose in the Jewish nation pro-Seleucid and pro-Ptolemaic parties; and the schism exercised great influence upon the Judaism of the time. The Romans assented to Herod's proclamation as King of the Jews, bringing about the end of the Hasmonean rule over Judea. During 163 BC, the main Seleucid armies composed of Greeks were elsewhere, so the Maccabees were free to expand their influence against their neighbors. Demetrius II Nicator remained sole ruler of the Seleucid Empire and became the second husband of Cleopatra Thea. Hello, by Duquesne Universitys Jason Schlude. Central to any assessment of the Maccabees is an evaluation of the role of Hellenism, an ideology whose universalistic outlook was based on Greek ideas and athletic prowess. Josephus first mentions them in connection with Jonathan, the successor of Judas Maccabeus ("Ant." Most modern scholars argue that the king was intervening in a civil war between traditionalist Jews in the countryside and Hellenised Jews in Jerusalem. Read the Bible History Daily feature Herod the Great: Friend of the Romans and Parthians? Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. After the Parthians' defeat, Herod was victorious over his rival in 37 BCE. 2 Maccabees also mentions Timothy and his armies briefly in passing in while discussing the Battle of Emmaus (2 Maccabees 8:308:33); this is generally assumed to be a "flash-forward" in time to discuss Timothy's defeat rather than actually happening during the Emmaus campaign of 164 BC by most historians, however.[1]. When Antiochus heard of this, he sent an army to Jerusalem to sort things out. Yehudah HaMakabiJudah the Maccabee. The coins are struck only in bronze. In the world today, we may identify with the Maccabean fight to preserve Judaism in the face of assimilation and anti-Semitism, while at the same time working to mitigate religious zealotry that threatens to turn Jew against Jew. The Maccabees answered with a resounding no, and their judgment was confirmed when eventually Menelaus convinced Antiochus to enact a decree prohibiting Mosaic law. While the Greeks had sophisticated weapons of war, along with lightning-fast chariots, the Jews operated almost entirely on foot. They find the Temple defiled and turned into a pagan sanctuary, where pigs are sacrificed on the altar. Maccabeus, The Battle of Beth Horon was fought in 166 BC between Jewish forces led by Judas Maccabaeus and a Seleucid Empire force under the command of Seron. Demetrius I Soter's relations with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamon (reigned 159138 BCE), Ptolemy VI of Egypt (reigned 163145 BCE), and Ptolemy's co-ruler Cleopatra II of Egypt were deteriorating, and they supported a rival claimant to the Seleucid throne: Alexander Balas, who purported to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and a first cousin of Demetrius. Others, like Mattathias, fought to remain faithful to the Law. The author of 1 Maccabees also blames the priests killed near Marisa for disobeying orders out of a desire to do a brave deed. Get all the details on the holiday here. Toggle Seleucid rule over Judea subsection, Toggle From revolt to independence subsection, Toggle Hasmonean expansion and civil war subsection, Monarchs (Ethnarchs and Kings) and High Priests, ("Bet oglah" for in Josephus; 1 Macc. It concludes with the defeat of the Seleucid Empire general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the leader of the Maccabees. [5] The Tobiads generally favored the Seleucids, but it is unclear if any fighting happened between them and the Maccabee forces. The influence of the Pharisees over the lives of the common people remained strong, and their rulings on Jewish law were deemed authoritative by many. Without raising the siege, Jonathan, accompanied by the elders and priests, went to the king and pacified him with presents, so that the king not only confirmed him in his office of high priest, but gave to him the three Samaritan toparchies of Mount Ephraim, Lod, and Ramathaim-Zophim. Antiochus tried to suppress public observance of Jewish laws, apparently in an attempt to secure control over the Jews. Between c. 140 and c. 116 BCE the dynasty ruled Judea semi-autonomously in the Seleucid Empire, and from roughly 110 BCE, with the empire disintegrating, Judea gained . Jonathan and Simeon, now more experienced in guerrilla warfare, thought it well to retreat farther, and accordingly fortified in the desert a place called Beth-hogla;[47] there they were besieged several days by Bacchides. At the time, Judea was home to many Jews who had returned from exile in Babylon thanks to the Persians. Jonathan owed no allegiance to the new King and took this opportunity to lay siege to the Acra, the Seleucid fortress in Jerusalem and the symbol of Seleucid control over Judea. From there he endeavoured to clear the land of "the godless and the apostate". Simon led the people in peace and prosperity, until in February 135 BCE, he was assassinated at the instigation of his son-in-law Ptolemy, son of Abubus (also spelled Abobus or Abobi), who had been named governor of the region by the Seleucids. The optiomal prognoses, where in Israel could be graves of the Babyllonian soldiers. Ptolemy himself, however, was among the casualties of the battle. On Antiochus death in 164 bce, the Seleucids offered the Jews freedom of worship, but Judas continued the war, hoping to free his nation politically as well as religiously. Because it was viewed as the wave of the future, the pressure to acculturate to Hellenism was quite intense in Judea. [83][unreliable source?]. The death of Alexander the Great of Greece in 323 BCE led to the breakup of the Greek empire as three of his generals fought for supremacy and divided the Middle East among themselves. Judas's forces would later return toward the end of 163 BC. [5] Josephus' account is the only primary source covering the history of the Hasmonean dynasty during the period of its expansion and independence between 110 and 63 BCE. The struggle thereafter lasted for some years, as the main Roman forces were occupied with defeating the Parthians and had few additional resources to use to support Herod. The word Maccabee is an acronym for the Hebrew words that mean "Who is like You among all powers, Gd ." Yet the involvement of these wealthy Jewish aristocrats and priests in Hellenism complicates any assessment of the role of the Maccabees. He pursued the local Gentiles "to the gate of Ptolemais" although did not besiege the city; he too escorted back a large group of Jewish refugees to Judea with him. Whereas some modern sensibilities will be offended by the Maccabees vicious treatment of the Hellenist Jews, First Maccabees not only lauds Mattathias zealotry against his coreligionists, but uses that very zealotry to legitimize the Maccabean dynasty. Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority. While possible, the author is sufficiently biased in favor of Judas Maccabeus that it is also possible that the author interpreted any setbacks as due to defiance of his orders rather than other factors. How can you tell is a firm is incorporated? Apollonius received reinforcements from Azotus and appeared in the plain in charge of 3,000 men including superior cavalry forces. He renewed the treaty with the Roman Republic and exchanged friendly messages with Sparta and other places. Pompey defeated him multiple times however and captured his cities. Honi, ordered to curse the besieged, prayed: "Lord of the universe, as the besieged and the besiegers both belong to Thy people, I beseech Thee not to answer the evil prayers of either." [36] Other authors point to social and economic factors in the conflict. During the siege, which lasted several months, the adherents of Hyrcanus were guilty of two acts that greatly incensed the majority of the Jews: they stoned the pious Onias (see Honi ha-Magel) and, instead of a lamb which the besieged had bought of the besiegers for the purpose of the paschal sacrifice, sent a pig. How much is a 1928 series b red seal five dollar bill worth? Even so, Judah used his knowledge of the terrain to prepare an ambush. In the year 30 BCE, charged with plotting with the King of Arabia, Hyrcanus was condemned and executed. [11] The name appears to come from the Hebrew name Hashmonay ( amnay). 7:2650) at the Battle of Adasa, with Nicanor himself killed in action. The Hasmoneans lost the territories acquired in Transjordan during the 93 BCE Battle of Gadara, where the Nabataeans ambushed Jannaeus and his forces in a hilly area. First Maccabees continues by explicitly comparing Mattathias to the biblical figure Pinchas, who killed a tribal leader and his Midianite partner to stop the spread of idolatry and was rewarded by God with a brit shalom covenant of peace of eternal priesthood (Numbers 25). Like many of the conflicts in that year, these battles appear to have been closer to a raid than an invasion; 1 Maccabees describes the second attack as "He [Judas] struck Hebron and its villages and tore down its strongholds and burned its towers on all sides. To free the country. Although celebrated as heroes who saved Jewish practice and Torah law from suppression and abrogation by the Syrian Greeks, the Maccabees are portrayed in the First Book of Maccabees as religious zealots, murdering coreligionists who had chosen the path of Hellenism. The patriots, however, were not willing to open their gates to the Romans, and a siege ensued which ended with the capture of the city. What is poor man and the rich man declamation about? [87][88] Frequent dynastic quarrels also contributed to the view among Jews of later generations that the latter Hasmoneans were degenerate. "[14], Under Antiochus III, the Seleucids wrested control of Judea from the Ptolemies for the final time, defeating Ptolemy V Epiphanes at the Battle of Panium in 200 BCE. The result was a brief civil war. Ancient Judea: Ancient Judea was a region in Western Asia corresponding to modern-day Israel, Palestine, and parts of the. In that year Herod, who feared that Hyrcanus might induce the Parthians to help him regain the throne, invited him to return to Jerusalem. Jonathan, and later Simeon [Maccabee], were recognized by the Seleucids as high priests and even as governors. It is difficult to state at what time the Pharisees, as a party, arose. Excavations at Modiin may have discovered the first-century B.C.E. This provided opportunity for semi-independent Seleucid client states such as Judea to revolt. However, the documents referring to those diplomatic events are of questionable authenticity. The Maccabees were not fighting for "religious freedom." Their deeds, chronicled in I Maccabees, begin with Mattityahu's killing a Jew for an improper sacrifice, and continue with forced circumcisions. This deed is celebrated in the Jewish festival of lights, Hanukkah. Puzur-Sin Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi During the first year of the revolt, the Maccabees won three spectacular victories against the invaders: Wadi Haramia, Beth Horon and Emmaus, and they followed up with a major win at the Battle of Beth Zur in 164 BC. He remained governor as a Seleucid vassal. What does please be guided accordingly phrase means? [80], Hyrcanus' restoration as ethnarch in 47 BCE coincided with Caesar's appointment of Antipater as the first Roman Procurator, allowing Antipater to promote the interests of his own house: "Caesar appointed Hyrcanus to be high priest, and gave Antipater what principality he himself should choose, leaving the determination to himself; so he made him procurator of Judea."[81]. In turn, the aristocratic elites who embraced Hellenism gained access to the social and economic perquisites flowing to citizens of a Greek polis, including the right to mint coins, to take part in international Hellenistic events, and to receive protection from the citys founding ruler. Judah was the eldest son of Mattathias (the son of Jochanan), the High Priest, who instigated the revolt by killing the Greek official Nikanor after a pig was slaughtered in the Holy Temple. Antigonus was delivered to Antony and executed shortly thereafter. Judaea had to pay tribute to Rome and was placed under the supervision of the Roman governor of Syria: In 63 BC, Judaea became a protectorate of Rome. Arutz Sheva is not a reliable, objective news source the spinning of stories and headlines in accordance with their particular political agenda is somethings quite outrageous. Judah Maccabee (Judas Maccabeus) was one of the leaders of the Jewish guerilla freedom fighters who drove the Seleucid Greek occupiers out of Judea in 139 BCE. This page was last edited on 30 June 2023, at 10:35. [45] Antiochus was succeeded by Demetrius I Soter, the nephew whose throne he had usurped. Herod fled into exile and sought the support of Mark Antony. They forced Jews to conform to their version of Judaism and expelled non-Jews from the land. Seleucus grabbed Syria and Asia Minor, and Antigonus took Greece. In 44 CE, Rome installed the rule of a procurator side by side with the rule of the Herodian kings (specifically Agrippa I 4144 and Agrippa II 50100). Tcherikover, perhaps influenced by socialist concerns, saw the uprising as one of the rural peasants against the rich elite.[41]. Pompey entered the Holy of Holies; this was only the second time that someone had dared to penetrate into this sacred spot. Alexander Balas offered Jonathan even more favourable terms, including official appointment as High Priest in Jerusalem, and despite a second letter from Demetrius promising prerogatives that were almost impossible to guarantee,[49] Jonathan declared allegiance to Balas. What does it mean to call a minor party a spoiled? The Maccabees then took the towns of Maapha, Chaspho, Maked, Bosor, and other towns of Gilead, plundering and massacring as they went. Process of transferring data to a storage medium? This page is not available in other languages. has , perhaps = Bet Bosem or Bet Bassim ["spice-house"], near, On the destruction of the Samaritan temple on Mount Gerizim by John Hyrcanus, see for instance: Menahem Mor, "The Persian, Hellenistic and Hasmonean Period," in, Sen Freyne, 'Galilean Studies: Old Issues and New Questions,' in Jrgen Zangenberg, Harold W. Attridge, Dale B. Martin, (eds. Antigonus was not, however, the last Hasmonean. The Nabataeans saw the acquisitions as a threat to their interests, and used a large number of camels to push the Hasmonean forces into a deep valley where Jannaeus was "lucky to escape alive". [37][38] What began as a civil war took on the character of an invasion when the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria sided with the Hellenising Jews against the traditionalists. Aristobulus ruled from 6763 BCE). What is the relationship between Commerce and economics? He and his forces then vacated Israel. But Diodotus Tryphon did not liberate his prisoner; angry that Simon blocked his way everywhere and that he could accomplish nothing, he executed Jonathan at Baskama, in the country east of the Jordan. According to the Roman historian Livy, the Roman senate dispatched the diplomat Gaius Popilius to Egypt who demanded Antiochus to withdraw. For example, readers who have personally experienced anti-Semitism may identify Mattathias as a hero who was loyal to his religious identity in the face of an anti-Semitic Greek civilization. The rebel army led by Judas Maccabeus was growing, The Battle of Beth Zur was fought between the Maccabees led by Judas Maccabeus and a Seleucid Greek army led by Viceroy Lysias in 164 BC. - Answers Subjects > Humanities > History Who did the maccabees fight? Jonathan then returned to Jerusalem, maintaining peace with the King of Egypt despite their support for different contenders for the Seleucid throne.[52]. Alexander was succeeded by his widow, Salome Alexandra, whose brother was Shimon ben Shetach, a leading Pharisee. A peace was then concluded, according to the terms of which Hyrcanus was to renounce the throne and the office of high priest (comp. . Julius Caesar initially supported Aristobulus against Hyrcanus and Antipater. The Parthian army crossed the Euphrates and Labienus was able to entice Mark Antony's Roman garrisons around Syria to rally to his cause. Josephus attests that Salome Alexandra was very favourably inclined toward the Pharisees and that their political influence grew tremendously under her reign, especially in the institution known as the Sanhedrin. Judah continued the fight begun by Mattathias by actively attacking apostasy destroying idolatrous altars, compelling observance of Torah by force, circumcising newborn infants, and killing apostate violators of Torah law. [31] Modern scholarship tends to the second view. How is it possible for mantle rock to flow? Judas Maccabeus, also called Judah Maccabee, Maccabeus also spelled Maccabaeus, (died 161/160 bce), Jewish guerrilla leader who defended his country from invasion by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes, preventing the imposition of Hellenism upon Judaea, and preserving the Jewish religion. Following the death of his puppet governor Alcimus, High Priest of Jerusalem, Bacchides felt secure enough to leave the country, but two years after the departure of Bacchides from Israel, the City of Acre felt sufficiently threatened by Maccabee incursions to contact Demetrius and request the return of Bacchides to their territory. Interested in the Jewish worlds international and political connections during the Roman period? What years of time was the separate but equal doctrine the law of the land in the US? Jewish Hellenists used the secular power structures for their own benefit. The Maccabees invited Jews living in hostile territory back to Judea as refugees and escorted them back under the safety of their army. Do they have to give members warning before they bar you? It was heavily garrisoned by a Seleucid force and offered asylum to Jewish Hellenists. Hyrcanus II had been held by the Parthians since 40 BCE. The continuing Hellenization of Judea pitted traditional Jews against those who eagerly Hellenized. What did the Maccabees fight for ? According to 2 Maccabees, the refugees arrived just in time to celebrate the Feast of Weeks. Chanukah - Hanukkah 2023 Jewish Holidays Chanukah - Hanukkah Insights & Stories The Battle Judaism v. Hellenism Why did the outnumbered Maccabees fight the Greeks? Soon, however, a new claimant to the Seleucid throne appeared in the person of the young Antiochus VI Dionysus, son of Alexander Balas and Cleopatra Thea. The struggle between the people and the Romans had begun in earnest, and though Antigonus, when placed on the throne by the Parthians, proceeded to spoil and harry the Jews, rejoicing at the restoration of the Hasmonean line, thought a new era of independence had come. A must-read before the holiday begins Bacchides subdued Jerusalem and returned to his King. The embarrassed and angry Seleucids sent another army to fight the upstarts which led to the Battle of Beth Horon in 166 BC. Antipater the Idumean was assassinated in 43 BCE by the Nabatean king, Malichus I, who had bribed one of Hyrcanus' cup-bearers to poison and kill Antipater. Perea was conquered already by Jonathan Apphus, subsequently John Hyrcanus conquered Samaria and Idumea, Aristobulus I conquered the territory of Galilee, and Alexander Jannaeus conquered the territory of Iturea. How many times did joe biden flunk the bar exam? The historicity on such successful raids is considered chancy as 1 Maccabees clearly describes Jamnia as not falling to the Maccabees, and Joppa was a fortified port in the era, unlikely to be easily raided. [11] Gott and Licht attribute the name to "Ha Simeon," a veiled reference to the Simeonite Tribe. [44] Antiochus, who was away on a campaign against the Parthians, died at about the same time in Persis. Last edited on 28 February 2022, at 20:34, Peter Paul Rubens and studio of Peter Paul Rubens, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maccabee_campaigns_of_163_BC&oldid=1074548508, This page was last edited on 28 February 2022, at 20:34.